提高慢性便秘的手术疗效——从临床到基础研究

To improve the surgical outcome of chronic constipation： from bed to the bench

成人慢性便秘的发病率大约为16%，且随年龄增长而升高，特别是60岁以上患者高达30%。手术是部分症状顽固、长期综合保守治疗无效患者的最终选择。由于便秘分类的多样，临床表现差异很大，外科手术方式繁多，缺乏金标准与共识。针对慢传输型便秘有结肠全切除、次全切除和旷置术等，对出口梗阻型便秘，仅仅直肠内脱垂的术式就不止10种。而且目前在手术指征的把握、术式的选择以及疗效判断标准上也缺乏权威指南。当前的现实是顽固性便秘的手术疗效并不很理想，特别是出口梗阻型便秘，总体有效率仅70%左右。如何提高手术疗效，可寄望于临床研究与转化医学研究。最近几年，有关骶神经调节和电刺激特别是足三里等穴位电刺激在便秘治疗中的应用取得了令人振奋的初步结果。便秘患者的肠道微生态研究和感觉神经调控机制等正是目前研究的热点。相信未来会有更多的转化医学成果能够应用于临床，进一步提高便秘的综合疗效。

The prevalence of chronic constipation is about 16% in adults, and increases with age, especially after 60 years old. Usually, surgical intervention is recommended to patients with long standing intractable constipation, who have undergone various conservative therapies. Lots of surgical procedures have been reported for different kinds of constipation, including slow transit, outlet obstruction, etc. For slow transit constipation, total or subtotal colectomy is commonly used. Merely for the internal rectal prolapse, at least 10 procedures are commonly adopted in clinic. However, no single procedure has been reached a consensus, not to mention the operative indication, principle of procedure selection and outcome assessment. Objectively, the surgical result of chronic constipation is far from perfect. Especially for outlet obstructive constipation, the satisfactory rate is only about 70%. How to enhance the surgical therapeutic effects should be expected on clinical and translation research. Fortunately, sacral neuromodulation therapy and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in managing refractory constipation have brought expected outcomes in recent years. Relationship between microbiota of the colonic mucosa and symptoms, and the sensory nerve regulatory mechanism have attracted much attention. We believe that more translational medicine results can be helpful in the future to improve the comprehensive efficacy of constipation.