城乡一体化背景下乡村小学生源危机、布局困境及化解路径

Rural Primary School Enrollment Crisis,Dilemma of Redistribution and Its Countermeasures under the Background of Urban-Rural Integration

城乡一体化发展背景下,乡村小学生源危机已成为不争的事实,其主要表现为数量严重不足、分布日渐稀疏且区域不均衡、机械变动趋势不稳定等方面。生源危机使乡村小学布局陷入困境,保障就近入学受制于现行教育经费保障机制,保障最优规模势必导致小学生上学远的矛盾。可以通过规范乡村生源向城性流动程序、布局寄宿制学校与校车系统并举、实行校均拨款代替生均拨款、弹性设计学校规模和功能等方式予以化解。

Under the background of Urban - Rural Integration, it is certainly a fact that rural primary schools have been embroiled in enrollment crisis. The main performance of crisis includes serious shortage of students, sparse distribution, imbalance in regional distribution and unstable on mechanical change trend. Enrollment crisis makes rural primary school get into trouble, giving consideration to nearby enrollment would not get enough funding guarantee under the current money supply mechanism; guaranteeing the priority of enrollment will be bound to cause long distance to go to school. In order to dissolve the contradiction, we must standardize the procedure of rural student mobility to the city, establish boarding schools and develop the school bus system, put into practice of school budget rather than student budget, design elastically the scale and function of rural primary school, etc.