老挝北部蚊虫种群组成及孳生习性调查

Investigations on mosquito fauna and habitats in the north of Laos

目的了解老挝北部蚊虫种群组成及孳生习性,为蚊虫分类、防治及生物资源利用提供参考。方法 2014年和2015年8-10月,在老挝北部5个省的7个县设置调查点,利用夜间诱蚊灯诱捕成蚊和日间捞捕蚊幼虫两种方法采集蚊虫,对捕获蚊虫进行分类鉴定并调查孳生环境类型。结果共捕获成蚊5 921只和蚊幼虫3 526条,隶属于3亚科15属19亚属82种(亚种);其中诱蚊灯通宵诱捕法捕获成蚊2亚科10属11亚属37种共5 921只,三带喙库蚊为优势种,占捕蚊总数的66.29%(3 925/5 921);幼虫捞捕法捕获蚊幼虫3亚科12属17亚属59种共3 526条,三带喙库蚊占捕获总数的21.30%(751/3 526);共调查蚊幼虫孳生积水环境7类636处,其中竹筒、树洞积水162处和轮胎积水153处,占总积水数的49.30%(315/636),为主要孳生地。结论老挝北部蚊虫种类丰富,三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种,银足按蚊、微小按蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊和埃及伊蚊为当地次优势种。幼虫孳生地复杂多样,不同蚊种有其特殊孳生习性,但各蚊种共生现象普遍存在。

ObjectiveTo investigate mosquito fauna and habitats in the north of Laos and provide evidences forclarification of mosquitoes, prevention of mosquitoes borne diseases and take advantage of biological resources.Methods Seven counties of five provinces in the north of Laos were chosen randomly from August to October in 2014 and 2015. Adultmosquitoes were collected by overnight trapping with ovitrap light and larvae were collected in the different breeding sites.All captured mosquitoes were processed in the lab.ResultsIn total, 5 921 adult mosquitoes and 3 526 larvae werecollected from 82 species of 19 subgenera of 15 genera in 3 subfamilies. All captured adult mosquitoes from 37 species of11 subgenera of 10 genera in 2 subfamilies were collected by overnight trapping with ovitrap light. The predominant specieswas Culex tritaeniorhynchus（3 925, 66.29%）. Besides, collected larvae belonged to 59 species of 17 subgenera of 12 genera in 3 subfamilies. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was still the predominant species（751, 21.30%）. In total, 636 larvalhabitats of seven different environments were investigated. The predominant habitats were bamboo tube and tree hole（162）and wasted tires（153）, these three habitats accounted for 49.30%（315/636）in all habitats.ConclusionThe mosquitospecies showed biological richness in the north of Laos. The predominant species was Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, followed byAnopheles argyropus, An. minimus, An. sinensis, Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus and Ae. aegypti. The diversityand complexity of habitats of larvae were observed. Different mosquito larvae preferred different habitats, but symbioticphenomenon of various mosquito species commonly existed.