半散放大鸨孵化期的行为

Behavior of Semi-free Great Bustard during Hatching Period

2015年5—7月份,采用瞬时扫描法和目标取样法对图牧吉保护区半散放大鸨的孵化期行为时间分配和日节律进行了研究,并利用独立样本t检验对孵化期大鸨行为的雌雄差异进行分析,探究了温度和天气对大鸨孵化期行为的影响。结果表明:大鸨的行为在孵化期具有一定的时间分配和日节律。雄鸨的静站和趴卧行为是该时期的主要行为,其次为游走、采食和理羽行为,求偶炫耀几乎不发生;而雌鸨91.38%的时间都在坐巢孵化,其次为采食和游走行为。雄鸨的游走、采食、静站、理羽和趴卧行为在全天中表现出一定的日节律,雌鸨仅采食行为表现出一定的日节律。研究同时表明,孵化期大鸨的行为时间分配在不同性别之间有差异,温度和天气也对大鸨的行为产生影响,雌鸨的营巢成功率与巢位的选择也有关系。

The instantaneous scan method was used to study the time budget of hatching period and daily rhythm of semi-free Great Bustards in Tumuji Nature Reserve during May to July 2015. The differences in behaviors of Great Bustard during hatching period between male and female, and influence of temperature and weather on behaviors of Great Bustard were analyzed by using independent sample T-test. The time budget and daily rhythm of Great Bustards are regular to some degree during the hatching period. Standing and crouching （69.34%） of male is the main behaviors in this period, followed by wandering （14.04%）, feeding （10.61%） and preening （15.40%）, and courtship （0.48%） almost do not happen. Female spent 91.38% of their time in incubating in the nest, followed by feeding （4.49%） and wandering （3.21%） behavior. Wandering, feeding, standing, preening and crouching of males in daily rhythm are regular to some degree, but female only showed feeding behavior. Time budget of Great Bustards exhibits differences between male and female, temperature and weather also affects behavior of Great Bustard. Nesting success rate of females have relation with nest choice.