不同添加物对菇渣发酵效果的影响

Effects of Different Additives on the Fermentation of Mushroom Residue

为了优化平菇菇渣(棉籽壳)的发酵工艺,在平菇菇渣中分别添加尿素5 kg/m3和酵素菌1 kg/m3进行高温发酵,以纯菇渣发酵处理为对照,研究了不同添加物对菇渣发酵时间、发酵温度以及发酵后理化性质和养分含量的影响。结果表明:添加尿素和酵素菌均可以缩短进入高温阶段的时间、提高堆体的最高温度、延长持续高温发酵的时间,最终缩短腐熟所需要的时间,其中,添加酵素菌的发酵效果较好。发酵结束时,各处理菇渣的物理性质均接近于理想栽培基质,但容重偏轻、持水孔隙度偏小,其中,添加酵素菌处理的菇渣物理性质与理想栽培基质最接近;p H值均略有增高,但差别不大;EC值均有所降低,其中,添加酵素菌处理的菇渣EC值最低,为2.25 ms/cm,最接近于理想栽培基质;全氮、全磷和全钾含量均有所提高,其中,添加酵素菌处理的菇渣全磷和全钾含量最高,全氮含量与添加尿素处理差别不大。在菇渣中添加酵素菌,发酵效率最高,且发酵后菇渣的理化性质与理想栽培基质最接近。添加酵素菌的菇渣发酵方法为平菇菇渣最优发酵工艺。

For optimizing the fermentation process of mushroom residue （cotton seed hulls）,with the fer-mentation of pure mushroom residue as control,urea 5 kg/m3 and enzyme bacteria 1 kg/m3 were added to mushroom residue, in order to study the effect of different additives on fermentation time, fermentation temperature, the physical and chemical properties and nutrient content of mushroom compost. The results showed that addition of urea and enzyme bacteria could reduce time before the high temperature and in-crease the highest temperature of the pile body and prolong high-temperature fermentation time to shorten the maturity time,the fermentation effect of adding enzyme bacteria was better than others. After fermen-tation, the physical properties of mushroom residue after each treatment were close to the ideal culture medium,but unit weight was slightly light,water-holding porosity was slightly small,mushroom compost adding enzyme bacteria was the most close to the ideal culture medium. The pH value of mushroom com-post with each treatment increased slightly, EC value decreased, EC value of mushroom compost adding enzyme bacteria was 2.25 ms/cm, it was the lowest and the most close to the ideal culture medium. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of mushroom compost with each treatment were improved,total phosphorus and to-tal potassium contents of mushroom compost adding enzyme bacteria was the highest, total nitrogencontents was close to mushroom compost adding urea. The fermentation efficiency of mushroom residue adding enzyme bacteria was the highest, the physical and chemical properties of mushroom compost adding enzyme bacteria were also closest to the ideal culture medium. Therefore, mushroom residue fer-mentation method of adding enzyme bacteria was the optimal fermentation process.