高层住院部的安全疏散研究

Research on Safe evacuation of Inpatient Department High-rise

面对社会经济的快速发展和人民群众飞速增长的医疗需求,医院逐渐向着综合化和高层化发展,而医院住院部部分由于功能简单,多以可重复的护理单元为基本单位,向高层发展的趋势更加明显。但由于住院部特殊的服务对象及使用特点,面对突发灾害,其内部疏散与普通建筑有着显著的区别,将人员疏散至地面安全区域的难度较大,而住院部高层化的发展加剧了这一矛盾。为了解决这一问题,我国在2015年5月1日起实行的《建筑设计防火规范》GB50016-2014中增加了对高层住院部的相关规定,该文通过分析住院部的人员构成和疏散特点,结合新规范,提出了高层住院部的安全疏散要点。

With the rapid development of the economy of society and the rapid growth of medical needs, hospital buildings increasingly move toward high-rise complex, particularly the inpatient department, for which is mainly composed of care units with simple functions. However, due to the special service target and characteristics, the internal evacuations in inpatient department are quite different from that in ordinary buildings when threatened by sudden-onset disasters. Evacuation is much harder and even worsened by the high-rise buildings. In order to resolve this problem, relevant regulations were added into the design specifications of Code for Design of Building Fire Protection GB50016-2014, which was implemented on May 1, 2015. Based on the analysis of staff composition and evacuation characters of impatient department and, combined with the new Code, this paper presents the key points in safe evacuation in a inpatient department high-rise.