港湾海域新型网箱养鲍新技术探讨

Discussion on new technology in the intensification of the cage abalone culture in bay area

根据鲍的生活习性,总结国内外养鲍设施特点,自行研发新型竖排式网箱。通过在港湾海域进行新型竖排式网箱的养鲍试验,对养鲍过程中网箱内饵料分布、附着生物情况进行研究,并与传统挂笼养殖模式对比分析。结果表明:新型网箱养殖过程中采用平潮点倾倒法投喂龙须菜或海带,鲍匍匐基内的饵料占比分别为:龙须菜约30.4%,海带约36.7%,均高于其它投喂方式。经过9个月的养殖,网目为1 cm的竖排网箱中的鲍最终体重为(29.1±6.17)g,存活率为60.5%,传统挂笼中鲍体重为(22.8±7.93)g,存活率为33.5%,新型网箱养殖效果显著优于传统挂笼(P<0.05);不同网衣规格的网箱表面附着生物附着量无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著大于传统挂笼组(P<0.05),进入夏季后,网箱中附着生物的生物量和丰富度都有显著增加。与传统挂笼相比,新型竖排式网箱具有水体交换好、操作简单、节省劳力、存活率高等优点。

Based on the living habits of abalone and summaries of the characteristics of aquaculture installations at home and abroad, the new high - density vertical net cage were developed. We researched on the feed distribution in culture net cage, and the species of fouling organisms comparing traditional aquacuhure cage with new vertical net cage in sea area. The results showed that in the contrast experiments, asparagus and seaweed were fed by dumping way at slack period, the seed proportion could reach to 30. 4% and 36.7% respectively in abalone vertical net cage, higher than the other ways of feeding. Through nine months of breeding, the average weight and survival ratio which abalone were placed in net cage with 1 cm mesh size of culture net cage were （29. 1 ±6. 17） g and 60.5% respectively. The weight and survival ratio of abalone in traditional suspended cage were （22.8 ±7.93） g and 33.5% respectively, it was significantly lower than the abalone in the vertical net cage （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Organisms attached on cage showed no significant difference in weight among different size mesh of culture net cages （P 〉 0. 05）, but it was significantly more than the traditional suspended cage （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The fouling organisms showed significant increase in quantity and kinds during summer and beyond. Comparing with traditional suspended cage, the advantage was obvious that the new vertical net cage were easily operated, good in water exchange, low labour costs, higher survival rate and security.