人民法院执行权的运行检视与重构路径

The Operation Review and Reconstruction of the Judicial Enforcement

目前,人民法院执行权的性质定位模糊,在很大程度上造成了执行体制改革方向的争议。执行权虽然具有某些类似行政权的特征,但本质上仍然属于司法权。由于对执行权性质缺乏清晰的认知,在改革过程中出现了缺乏系统而科学的执行权理论指导,过度依赖"审执分离"的模式设计,过度强调执行权的行政属性,"审执分离"局限于同一法院内部等诸多问题。因此,要在厘清执行权性质的基础上,从"加强对执行权性质的系统研究","以执行权的优化作为改革目标","根据客观需要确定具体的改革模式","建立独立于法院之外的司法强制执行系统"等方面重构执行权。

The vague nature of the judicial enforcement largely caused the controversy in direction of the judicial enforcement system reform at present. The judicial enforcement is still part of the judicial power in es- sence although it has some similar characteristics with executive power. There exist so many problems without a clear cognition of the judicial enforcement, such as lacking of a scientific theoretical guidance in the process of the reform, relying too much on the separation design of trial and execution, emphasizing the administrative property of judicial enforcement excessively, limiting the separation of trial and execution within the same court. The basic path of the judicial enforcement reconstruction for the current is to strengthen the research of nature and property, optimize the system of judicial enforcement and other reform targets.