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气吸圆盘式微型薯排种器设计与试验 被引量:12

Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Disc Seed-metering Device for Mini-tuber
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摘要 针对微型薯等大粒种子不易充种问题,设计了一种可振动供种的气吸圆盘式微型薯排种器。阐述了该排种器的工作原理,通过理论计算与数值模拟,确定了其主要结构参数。为寻求最佳工作参数组合,采用三因素四水平正交试验方法,对排种器进行排种性能试验,结果表明:影响其排种性能的主次因素依次为作业速度、振动频率和吸种负压,较优参数组合为作业速度2.4 km/h、振动频率6.5 Hz、吸种负压6 k Pa,在此条件下排种合格指数为94.2、漏播指数为1.7、重播指数为4.1,满足微型薯的精密播种要求。研究了振动供种机构对微型薯造成的损伤情况:在不同的振动频率下,微型薯的破损率均小于1%,振动供种机构对微型薯的损伤不大。 In order to realize the mechanized planting of mini-tuber and solve the problem of large seed filling, a vibrating feeding pneumatic disc seed-metering device for mini-tuber was designed. The seed- metering device was made up of metering plate, air chamber, frame and vibrating seed feeding device. The working principle of the pneumatic disc seed-metering device was expounded. The physical properties of mini-tuber, including geometric dimension, average weight and angle of repose were researched. The structural parameters of metering plate were determined by the theoretical calculation, which contained the metering plate diameter, suction hole diameter and suction hole number. The FLUENT software was used to analyze the internal flow field of air chamber and optimize the location of pressure-outlet. The vibration frequency was calculated and verified by analyzing the movement characteristics of vibration plate. In order to verify the performance of the seed-metering device and find the best parameter combination, the orthogonal test was carried out by using the eligible index, multiple index, missing index as experimental indexes and the operating speed as experimental factor. The optimal experimental results were : the operating speed of 2. 4 km/h, vibration frequency of 6.5 Hz, negative pressure of 6 kPa, and the corresponding performance indexes were as following: the eligible index was 94. 2, the missing index was 1.7 and the multiple index was 4. 1, which could completely meet the requirement of technical specifications of quality evaluation in China. This study can provide references for further improving quality, optimizing the parameter for pneumatic disc seed-metering device and designing the potato planter used in farmland. The damage of mini-tuber caused by the machine was researched, and the breakage rate was under 1% with different vibration frequencies.
出处 《农业机械学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第12期30-37,共8页 Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(51305187) 云南省重点新产品开发计划项目(2014BC007) 云南省科技计划项目青年项目(2015FD011) 昆明理工大学自然科学基金项目(KKSY201323067 KKSY201323025 14118940) 云南省教育厅项目(2016ZZX048)
关键词 微型薯 气吸式排种器 振动供种 排种性能 设计 mini-tuber pneumatic seed-metering device vibrating seed feeding seeding performance design
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