冻融土壤水热迁移与作用机理研究

Soil Moisture-Heat Transfer and Its Action Mechanism of Freezing and Thawing Soil

季节性冻融土壤的水热变异及空间迁移过程是一个复杂的动力学系统,冻融土壤水热系统作为自然界能量循环的重要环节,在水资源、环境、能源以及人类工程等方面占有极其重要的地位,详细探求冻融土壤的水热扩散机理,准确地掌握土壤的水热迁移状况,对于科学合理的制定春播制度具有深远的影响。以高效利用冻土资源、提高农业经济、改善生态环境为宗旨,在总结国内外研究成果的基础上,阐述了土壤冻融交替的物理过程、冻层水分入渗、热量传导、土壤溶质的转化过程以及工程冻害防治,概括了冻融土壤的水热分布对于地表环境改变以及气候因子差异的响应机制,进而从机理上对冻融土壤特征参数、水热耦合动态模拟及预测模型进行了论述。同时,提出了冻融土壤结构多尺度结合、土壤覆被联合体间反演、统计模型与随机模型并行的研究思路,旨在为寒旱区季节性冻土水热循环、水热平衡研究以及科学合理的指导农业生产提供借鉴。

The moisture - temperature variation and spatial migration of seasonal freezing and thawing soil is a complex dynamic system, as an important part of energy circulation in nature, the soil moisture and heat system of freezing and thawing soil plays an extremely important role in water resources, environment, energy and human engineering, etc. Research on moisture and temperature diffuse mechanism details of freezing and thawing soil and getting hold of soil moisture and heat transfer condition accurately can make a profound influence on producing scientific and reasonable spring sowing system. In order to utilize resources of frozen soil efficiently, promote agricultural economy and improve ecological environment, on the basis of summarizing the research achievements in China, the physical process of soil freezing and thawing, the water infiltration in frozen region, heat transfer and the transformation of soil solute were expatiated, the summary of response mechanism of water and heat distribution of freezing and thawing soil to the change of surface environment and difference of climatic factors was given, and the characteristic parameters of freezing and thawing soil, dynamic simulation of coupled water and heat and forecasting model on mechanism were discussed. Meanwhile, the research ideas on combination structure of multi-scale, oil-cover union inversion, parallel operation of statistical and stochastic mode were proposed to provide references for moisture and temperature circulation of seasonal frozen, studying on balance of water and heat, and guiding the agricultural production scientifically and reasonably in cold and arid regions.