贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒重点病区生活用炉灶及使用情况评估

An evaluation of stove and its usage in key coal-burning fluorosis areas in Gnizhou

目的了解燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒重点病区生活用炉灶及使用情况，及时总结经验，发现问题，调整防控策略和措施。方法2013年，在贵州省23个燃煤污染型氟中毒重点病区县，各县按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡镇，每个乡镇抽取3个病区村，每个病区村抽取20户病区家庭．人户调查生活用炉灶及使用情况。并将其中14个县的数据与2007年调查结果进行比较分析。结果23个县共调查115个乡镇、341个村、6916户居民户。燃煤铁炉和电炊具的平均使用率较高，分别为91．34％（6317／6916）和92．93％（6427／6916），煤灶、柴灶、沼气灶和液化气灶的使用率较低，范围为7．75％（536／6916）-21．56％（1491／6916）；燃煤铁炉的正确使用率为92．80％（5862／6317），煤灶的正确使用率为66．80％（839／1256）；92．93％（6427／6916）的调查户常年使用电炊具；89．82％（5674／6317）的农户在冬季使用燃煤铁炉。14个重点病区县（市、区）与2007年比较，燃煤铁炉、电炊具、煤灶、柴灶、沼气灶和液化气灶使用率变化差异均有统计学意义（χ2=888．35、6210．71、165．54、9194．29、36．98、729．76，P均〈0．05）。结论通过多年综合治理，贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区生活能源结构发生较大变化，清洁能源较好普及，燃煤炉灶正确使用率总体提升．室内燃煤所致氟污染得到有效控制。

Objective To investigate the usage of the stoves in the severe endemic areas of coal burning fluorosis, sum up experience timely, find problems and adjust strategy for making prevention and control measures. Methods In 23 counties of Guizhou Province in the severe endemic areas of coal burning fluorosis, a town was selected acco：rding to the east, west, south, north and center positions, three villages were selected from each town, and 20 families were selected from each village; household stoves and usage were investigated in 2013. And the data of 14 conties was compared with the survey results of 2007. Results A total of 6 916 families from 341 villages in 115 towns of the 23 counties were investigated. Average utilization rate of coal-fired furnace and electric cooker was relatively high, which was 91.34% （6 317/6 916） and 92.93% （6 427/6 916）, respectively. Utilization rate of coal stove, firewood oven, gas stove and liquefied gas stove oven was 7.75% （536/6 916） - 21.56% （1 491/6 916）. The correct utilization rate of coal-fired furnace was 92.80% （5 862/6 317）. The correct utilization rate of coal stove Was 66.80% （839/1 256）; 92.93%（6 427/6 916）of the families used electric cooker year around. Totally 89.82%（5 674/6 317） of the farmers used iron stove in winter. Compared with those of 2007, in 14 of the counties; the differences of coal- fired furnace, coal stove, firewood oven, electric cooker, gas stove, and liquefied gas stove utilization rate were statistically significant （χ2 = 888.35, 6 210.71, 165.54, 9 194.29, 36.98, 729.76, all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion After positive and effective comprehensive treatment for many years, great changes have taken place in energy structure, clean energy ：is widely used, the correct utilization rate of coal-fired stoves is increased, and indoor fluorine pollution caused by coal-burning is under control.