分娩因素与尿失禁发生的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between labor factors and urinary incontinence

目的调查产后妇女分娩时相关因素和产后尿失禁发生情况,探讨分娩相关因素与尿失禁(UI)发生的相关性。方法运用孕妇分娩因素调查问卷和国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁标准问卷简表(ICI-Q-SF),对2015年4-9月在该院盆底中心就诊的245例产后妇女进行问卷调查。结果本次调查245例分娩后妇女,回收有效问卷237份,回收有效率为96.7%,发生UI者103例,发生率为43.5%,其中压力性尿失禁(SUI)发生率为76.7%,急迫性尿失禁(UUI)为4.9%,混合性尿失禁(MUI)为18.4%,不同年龄、分娩次数、分娩方式及有无会阴裂伤的分娩后妇女UI发生率组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析分娩后妇女的年龄、分娩次数、分娩方式及分娩时有无会阴裂伤与UI发生具有关联(P<0.05)。结论分娩后女性UI发生率较高,年龄、分娩次数、分娩方式及分娩时有无会阴裂伤是UI发生的独立危险因素,做好保健预防,加强盆底肌功能训练可降低UI率。

Objective To survey the related factors of labor and prevalence of urinary incontinence in postpartum women,explore the correlation. Methods A self- designed questionnaire about maternal labor factors and ICI- Q- SF were used to survey 245 postpartum women in the hospital from April to September in 2015. Results A total of 245 postpartum women were investigated,237 effective questionnaires were obtained,the rate was 96. 7%,and 103 postpartum women were diagnosed as urinary incontinence,the incidence rate was43. 5%,the incidence rates of stress urinary incontinence（ SUI）,urgent urinary incontinence（ UUI）,and mixed urinary incontinence（MUI） were 76. 7%,4. 9%,and 18. 4%,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rate of urinary incontinence among the postpartum women in different age groups,with different delivery times,delivery modes,and combining with perineal laceration or not（ P〈 0. 05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,delivery times,delivery modes,and combining with perineal laceration or not were correlated with urinary incontinence（ P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The incidence rate of urinary incontinence is high in postpartum women; age,delivery times,delivery modes,and combining with perineal laceration or not are independent risk factors of urinary incontinence; health care,prevantion,and pelvic floor muscle function training can reduce the incidence rate of urinary incontinence.