不同生态区域玉米种子收获期与种子活力关系研究

Research on the Relationship Between Seed Harvest Time and Seed Vigor in Different Ecological Regions in Maize

以辽单588亲本为试验材料,在3个不同生态区域杂交制种,研究不同生态区气象因子及收获期对玉米种子活力影响。结果表明,不同生态区与收获期的同一杂交组合的种子活力指标差异明显,不同收获期种子的子粒含水量下降趋势为海南>甘肃>辽宁,脱水速率平均为海南>甘肃>辽宁,灌浆速率平均为海南>甘肃>辽宁。制种区域的活动积温与活力指标呈极显著正相关;有效积温与活力指标呈显著正相关;降雨量与标准发芽率和冷发芽值呈显著负相关,与人工加速老化值相关性不显著;日照时数与标准发芽率和人工加速老化值均达到显著正相关,与冷发芽值相关不显著。辽单588种子在辽宁地区适宜收获期为授粉后53 d,甘肃地区为授粉后56 d,海南地区为授粉后47 d。

In order to study the effects in different ecological areas of meteorological factors and harvest time on seed vigor of maize, the parents of Liaodan588 hybrid were used as experimental materials in three different ecological regions for seed maize. The results showed the kernel water content decreased with time as Hainan 〉 Gansu 〉 Li- aoning. The mean dehydration rate was Hainan 〉 Gansu 〉 Liaoning and the mean filling rate was Hainan, Gansu, Li- aoning. The vigor index was positive correlation with the active accumulated temperature apparently in producing ar- ea. The effective accumulated temperature was positively correlated with the three vigor index. Rainfall was signifi- cantly negative correlation, with the standard germination and cold test, whereas it was not significant with the accel- erated aging test. Sunshine time had significant positive correlation with standard germination rate and accelerated aging test, on the contrary, it was not significant with cold test. In conclusion, the suitable harvest period for high vig- or seed of Liaodan588 was 53 days after pollination in the Liaoning province, 56 days after pollination in Gansu province, and 47 days after pollination in Hainan province.