玉米‖花生间作系统作物产量及根系空间分布特征的影响

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Root System and the Yield in Maize-Peanut Intercropping System

在农业部阜新农业环境与保育科学观测试验站分别设置2行玉米：4行花生间作（2M4P）、4行玉米：4行花生间作（4M4P）和玉米单作、花生单作4个种植模式,开展不同种植模式对作物产量及产量构成因素、生物量和根系特征的影响研究。结果表明,2个间作模式的土地当量比（LER）为1.16-1.24,具有一定的产量优势和较高的土地利用效率。间作中的玉米干物质积累量与单作接近,间作花生干物质积累量较单作明显下降。对根系研究发现,间作减少作物的细根生长,2M4P、4M4P处理的比根长（SRL）较单作玉米和花生分别下降了25%、23%和18%、12%,复合系统作物根表面积密度（RSAD）在0-40 cm土层中能够占到总土层的80%以上,间作作物的RSAD显著高于单作,表明作物根系在表层分布较为密集,间作影响了作物的根系生长与分布。

Four modes include two rows of maize： four rows of peanut intercropping mode（2M4P）, four rows ofmaize： four rows of peanut intercropping mode（4M4P）, sole maize（M） and sole peanut（P）. The effects on yield, bio-mass and root spatial distribution characteristics in four modes were investigated and analyzed. The results showedthat, the land equivalent ratio range（LER） of the two intercropping modes was 1.16-1.24, which had certain advan-tages of intercropping; Dry matter accumulation amount in intercropping maize modes was close to that in monocul-ture, but dry matter accumulation amount in intercropping peanut modes decreased significantly compared with thatin single cropping mode, which was caused by shading of maize; As intercropping reduced the growth of crop rootletand influenced the density distribution of the crop root surface area, the specific root length（SRL） in the 4M4 P and2M4P modes decreased respectively by 25%, 23% and 18%, 12% compared with monoculture maize and peanut;Root surface area density（RSAD） can be accounted for more than 80% of the total soil in 0-40 cm soil layer, andcrop RSAD was significantly higher than that of monoculture crop root. The results showed the crop root was more in-tensive, and the crop root growth and distribution were affected by intercropping.