血液安全筛查联合检测系统检测献血前血液的可行性

Study on feasibility of combined detection system for blood screening of donors

目的分析用血液安全筛查联合检测系统进行献血者献血前血液检测的可行性。方法收集308份无偿献血者的献血前血液标本,同时采用献血前快速筛查方法、联合检测系统和献血后常规检测技术进行检测并判断是否合格,包括血型(ABO、Rh D)、血红蛋白(Hb)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗HIV)和梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗TP)检测。以常规检测结果为标准,对联合检测系统和快速筛查结果进行比较。结果联合检测系统鉴定的ABO/Rh D血型结果和HBs Ag阳性率与快速筛查和常规检测方法一致。联合检测系统检出的ALT和Hb不合格率分别为9.74%和1.30%,与快速筛查和常规检测方法相比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。以常规方法为参考标准,联合检测系统的一致率分别为血型100%、ALT 99.35%、Hb 100%、HBs Ag 100%。联合检测系统检出3例抗HCV、1例抗HIV、5例抗TP阳性,经常规ELISA检测证明1例抗TP为假阳性。结论联合检测系统用于献血者献血前血液筛查是可行的,有助于提高血液的合格率。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of combined detection system for blood screening before blood donation. Methods A total of 308 donor＇s blood samples were collected before blood donation. The pre-donation rapid screening methods, post-donation conventional detection methods, and the combined detection system were all used to determine blood group, hemoglobin （ Hb）, alanine transaminase （ALT）, HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti- treponema pallidum （TP） simultaneously. The test results of the com- bined detection system were compared with those of pre-donation rapid screening methods on the basis of the results of conventional de- tection methods. Results The results of ABO/RhD grouping and positive HBsAg detected by the combined detection system were con- sistent with those detected by pre-donation rapid screening and post-donation conventional detection. The unqualified rates of ALT （9.74%） and Hb （ 1.30% ） determined by the combined detection system were not significantly different with conventional detection methods （P 〉0.05）. Based on conventional detection methods, the coincidence rates of combined detection system were 100% for blood group, 99.35% for ALT, 100% for Hb, 100% for HBsAg respectively. These results were not significantly different with rapid screening methods. Among the 308 donors detected by the combined detection system, the positive cases of anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP were 3, 1 and 5 respectively. One of positive anti-TP case detected by the combined detection system was false positive which was verified by ELISA. Conclusion The combined detection system for preliminary screening of donors before blood donation should be feasible and may improve the qualification rate of blood from donors.