电转气技术的成本特征与运营经济性分析

Cost Characteristics and Economic Analysis of Power-to-gas Technology

随着电转气技术的逐渐成熟和商业化,多能源系统的大规模交互式互联运行成为可能。电转气技术可以将电能转换为天然气,利用天然气系统实现电能的消耗、储存和运输,为电力系统电能储存和利用提供了新思路。然而,因为安装容量的技术瓶颈、有限的利用效率、较高的安装和运行成本等因素,所以现阶段电转气技术尚未能大规模普及。在此背景下,参考国外先进的示范工程和运行经验,详细分析和对比了电转气技术的经济成本和多能源系统互联运行的经济效益,并在此基础上初步探讨了电转气设备运营的经济性。综合现阶段的技术经济条件,电转气技术尚不适宜作为储能手段大规模应用于电力系统优化调度,但其在特定场景下可以有效提高多能源互联系统的整体效益。可以预见,随着技术成本降低和电力市场化改革的深化,电转气技术有望在与燃气机组联合优化、参与电力市场辅助服务等方面发挥越来越明显的作用。

Recent years have witnessed the development and commercialization of power-to-gas （PtG） technology, which has made possible the interconnection within a combined multi-energy system. However, innovative as PtG is in terms of consumption, storage and transportation, its popularization is way ahead. This is because of the technical bottleneck of installed capacity, limited availability, high capital cost and mediocre energy conversion efficiency of current PtG techniques. Given this background, the possible application of PtG technology in multi-energy systems abroad is discussed, and the cost and benefit o{ PtG plants are analyzed [or several specified operation scenarios. Through numerical simulations with real world data for several simplified and ideal test scenarios, it is concluded that the current PtG technological development level is generally economically inefficient based on the present levels of transforming efficiency, cost and capacity. In certain cases, however, the PtG plants may make profits and contribute to efficient operation of the multi energy systems through reasonable operation strategies. As the capital and operation cost of PtG plants are believed to decrease significantly in the forthcoming years, the PtG technology will be able to demonstrate its economic feasibility through cooperation with natural gas fired power plants, and participation in ancillary service provision.