植物提取液对鸡腿菇病原菌的抑制及对鸡腿菇生长的影响

Extracts of Garlic and Platycladus orientalis for PathogenInhibition and Growth Improvement of Coprinus comatus

采用抑菌圈法研究了大蒜、侧柏提取液对鸡腿菇生产中竞争性杂菌的抑制作用,采用菌丝生长速度法和出菇试验测定提取液对鸡腿菇菌丝体和子实体的影响。结果表明：大蒜、侧柏混合提取液比2种单提液的抑菌谱广,大蒜侧柏质量比7∶3的混合提取液的抑菌效果和加入该提取液的鸡腿菇菌丝生长速度要优于5∶5的混合提取液。大蒜侧柏质量比7∶3的混合提取液对3种细菌的抑制效果较稳定,其中提取时间为6h的提取液对青霉、根霉抑菌效果最好,抑菌率分别为38.46%~62.85%、57.98%~67.74%;pH值对混合提取液的抑制效果影响较小,各处理间差异不显著。加入2种混合提取液的菌袋在菌丝生长速度方面与对照没有明显差异,但产量均比对照有所增加;增产幅度较大的为大蒜侧柏质量比7∶3的混合提取液,其中加入提取12h混合提取液的菌袋相比对照增产最高,为168.59%;其次是加入提取48、6、24h混合提取液的菌袋,分别比对照增产72.63%、65.72%、57.17%,并且以上处理的菌袋采菇间隔延长较小,盖柄比上升,在一定程度上提高了鸡腿菇的商品性。

Extracts of garlic and/orPlatycladus orientaliswere applied on Coprinus comatusduring cultivation to determine theireffects in inhibitingpathogenic growths, whileat the same time, promoting mushroom development. Size of inhibitory areaon petri disheswas observed to compare the efficacies ofmicrobial inhibitionby the extracts. Whereas, mycelial growth and fruit body yield weremonitored for the direct effect of the extracts on the mushroom development. The results showed that by mixing the twoextracts ofgarlic and P. orientalis, awiderantimicrobial spectrumcould be realizedas compared towhen they were used separately. A7 ： 3 mixing ratio of the garlic： P. orientalisextracts produced a superior resultin providing aconsistent inhibitory effect against 3pathogens. Specifically, the extractsobtained from a 6 h-extraction was highly effective onPenicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. , with thecontrol rates of 38.46%--62.85% and 57.98%--67.74%, respectively, pH of the mixesdid not seem to be a significant factoronthe pathogenicinhibition. Nor was mycelial growth significantly affected by application of the extracts. On the other hand, the mushroom yield increasedsignificantly as compared to control. Insofar as the length of processing timeis concerned, the 12 h-extraction rendered a product with the greatest increase （i. e., 168.59%）; while, the 48-, 6-, and 24 h-extractionsresulted in 72.63%, 65.72%, and 57.17%yield increases, respectively, incomparison to control. In addition, by using the mixed extracts in cultivation, the time required between harvests could be shortened andthecap/stem ratio of thefruiting body increased, thereby, mushroom production efficiency could be improved and costreduced over the conventional operation.