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AM真菌促进植物吸收利用磷元素的机制 被引量:36

Progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants
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摘要 磷是植物生长发育的必需营养元素之一,是植物代谢过程不可或缺的物质。我国耕地土壤中有1/3~1/2的土壤缺磷,极大地限制了作物的生长。由丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌与植物形成的菌根共生体广泛存在于自然界中,可极大地促进寄主植物对磷元素的吸收。本文从形态特征、生理生化和分子生物学方面系统总结了丛枝菌根真菌促进磷元素吸收和利用的研究进展。AM真菌可与根际土壤和根皮层细胞形成密集的菌丝网,扩大植物根系吸收面积,缩短养分运输距离;分泌磷酸酶、有机酸和质子,改变根系周围土壤理化性质,解离难溶性磷酸盐,以及磷转运蛋白基因的特异性表达等。 Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development,and it is also indispensable for plant metabolism.Deficiency of P greatly limits crop growth in one-third to one-half of cultivated land in China.Symbiotic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is widespread,and is of particular importance to improving plant P uptake efficiency.This paper summarizes progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi in the promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants,including aspects of mycorrhizal morphological features,physiology,biochemistry,and molecular biology.In addition,we discuss research on the potential of growth-promoting mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi.AMF can form a dense network of hyphae in rhizosphere soil and root cortical cells,increase the absorptive surface areas of the root system,reduce nutrient transport distances,excrete phosphatase,organic acid,and protons,and dissociate insoluble phosphate and the specific expression of phosphate transporter genes.
出处 《草业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第12期2379-2390,共12页 Pratacultural Science
基金 中央高校基本科研业务费(2022016zr0003) 国家自然科学基金青年项目(31100368)
关键词 菌根 形态特征 生理生化反应 磷酸转运蛋白 mycorrhiza morphological features physiological and biochemical responses phosphate transporter
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