2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶对水稻生长和氮吸收的影响

Effect of 2-Chloro-6-(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine on Rice Growth and Nitrogen Utilization

氮肥是保证水稻高产的关键,但目前我国水稻氮素利用率偏低是亟待解决的问题,添加硝化抑制剂等为其提供了可行的解决手段。以硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶（En）为研究对象,通过田间试验,从土壤养分供应、水稻生长、产量构成和氮素利用方面做出综合评价,为其在水稻生产上推广应用提供科学依据。试验处理分别为单施化肥（CK）、基肥配施伴能（BF＋En）、分蘖肥配施伴能（TF＋En）、基肥和分蘖肥均配施伴能（BF＋TF＋En）。结果表明：在试验土壤肥力条件下,氮肥配施2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶能够增加水稻产量8.3%~12.7%,其中TF＋En和BF＋TF＋En处理显著高于CK（P〈0.05）。氮肥配施2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶可以促进水稻分蘖和有效穗数的增加,其中BF＋TF＋En处理孕穗期分蘖数和成熟期有效穗数均显著高于CK。与BF＋En处理相比,TF＋En处理每穗粒数显著增加。与CK相比,TF＋En和BF＋TF＋En处理在成熟期地上部生物量分别增加13.3%和17.8%,其中BF＋TF＋En处理显著提高。氮肥配施2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶不仅可以增加水稻各生育期土壤碱解氮含量,而且对水稻氮吸收和氮肥利用效率具有显著影响,其中BF＋TF＋En处理地上部氮累积吸收总量和氮肥偏生产力显著高于CK。因此,在水稻生产上可推广使用2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶以促进水稻增产增效,尤其在分蘖肥期与氮肥配施效果最佳。

China is the largest producer and consumer of rice （Oryza sative L） in the world. Nitrogen （N） is the most essential element for rice production. However, low nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） had been existed. Nitrification inhibitor was developed to solve this problem. The effects of 2-chloro-6-（trichloromethyl）-pyridine （Entrench ） was studied in this paper to provide reliable basis for the fertilizer promotion in rice cultivation. The four different treatments included N fertilizer combined with Entrench in base fertilizer （BF＋En）, tillering fertilizer （TF＋En）, or both （BF＋TF＋En）, and no Entrench application as a control （CK）. The application amount of Entrench was 2.55 L hm-2 in each time. Based on the trial conditions, the results showed that in comparison with CK, grain yields were improved by 8.3% - 12.7% in the plots with 2-chloro-6-（trichloromethyl）-pyridine, notably in the TF＋En and BF＋TF＋En plots （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the CK plots, the number of tillering and panicle were also increased after the application of N fertilizer combined with 2-chloro-6- （trichloromethyl）-pyridine, especially in the BF＋TF＋En plots. The grain number per panicle in TF＋En plots were greatly increased as compared to BF＋En plots. In comparison with CK, the aboveground biomass in the TF＋En and BF＋TF＋En plots were increased by 13.3% and 17.8%, respectively. In particular, they were obviously enhanced by new synergist in BF＋TF＋En plots. The contents of soil alkalized-N were also increased with the 2-chloro-6- （trichloromethyl）-pyridine application, which were useful for rice N uptake and use efficiency. In comparison with CK, the N uptake and partial factor productivity of N in BF＋TF＋En plots were notably advanced by 2-chloro-6- （trichloromethyl）-pyridine. Therefore, promoting the application of 2-chloro-6- （trichloromethyl）-pyridine is very important to improve grain yield and N use efficiency for rice production, especially combined with N fertilizer as tillering fertilizer.