罗马政治视域下的犹太人起义

The Jewish Uprisings from the Perspective of Roman Politics

从罗马政治统治的视角出发,通过对犹地亚犹太人起义的分析可以看出,作为罗马行省之一的犹地亚地区,在整个罗马国家的政治生活中并无特别之处,犹地亚犹太人起义只是罗马帝国众多起义中的一部分内容。从各地起义的破坏性来看,犹地亚犹太人起义的破坏程度并不能与同时期其他起义的破坏程度做出精确比较,它在罗马国家政治范畴中并无特别之处;从罗马对行省统治的流畅程度看,犹地亚地区的政治统治是罗马政治统治比较稳定的边疆地区之一。学术界之所以强调犹太人起义的特殊性,一是在于犹太民族留下的文字记录比较丰富,从而在"史料"上影响了后来历史书写者的"历史认识";二是由于犹太起义研究者往往基于犹太视角,忽略了犹地亚地区只是罗马国家的一部分,其政治范畴不能超越罗马"合约"这一基本事实。

From the perspective of the Roman Empire,it could be observed that the Jewish uprisings in Judea were merely a small portion of many uprisings in the entire empire,instead of something special in Roman political life. It is also unreasonable to assume that the Jewish uprisings were particularly destructive, as extant sources are insufficient to support an accurate comparison between the destructiveness of Jewish uprisings and other uprisings elsewhere. Moreover,Judea had long been one of the stable frontier provinces of the Roman Empire. One of the main reasons for scholars to emphasize the uniqueness of Jewish uprisings is that the Jewish left relatively abundant writing documents,a fact that influences the 'historical awareness'of later researchers. Besides,researchers have long been observing those material from a Jewish perspective; they forgot that Judea was only a part of the Roman Empire,whose political importance did not exceed its 'contract'with the empire.