民法权利客体制度的体系价值及当代反思

The System Value and Contemporary Reflection of the Object of Civil Rights

客体的体系价值由民法的体系特征决定,在《德国民法典》的形式理性中,客体的基本作用是界定权利,其应用由物权扩展到整个民事权利体系。当代民法理论上,客体的不确定性、不周延性和功能缺乏性使其面临被质疑的困境,这种困境来源于哲学上的主客关系思维惯性的潜在影响、民法的权利思维模式的封闭性以及权利和法律关系概念的片面混用。当代民法上,只有物才能部分符合客体的要求,民法总则应当放弃规定专门的客体部分。

The system value of the object is decided by the characteristics of the civil law system.In the formal rationality of German Civil Code,the basic function of the object is to define the rights.Its main application is in property rights,and extended to the entire civil rights system.In the contemporary theory of civil law,the object is questioned by its uncertainty,incompleteness and lack of function.The difficulties come from the thinking inertia on the relationship between the subjective and the objective in philosophy,the thinking mode of rights in civil law and the mix use between the concept of right and legal relationship.In contemporary civil law,only tangible property meets the requirements of the object.General Principles of Civil Code should abandon the section of object.