论中国羁押审查制度改革的四重逻辑

The Four Major Logics of China's Detention Review System Reform

我国羁押审查制度变迁历程遵循着"固守格局""科层内控""增量配设"和"边缘调整"四种改革逻辑。对公安侦查案件的逮捕审查,公检法系统采取"固守格局"逻辑;对自侦案件的逮捕审查,检察机关坚持检察审查原则,改采"上提一级"方案,遵循着"科层内控"的进路;对于2012年《刑事诉讼法》增设的捕后羁押审查制度,由于强制措施变更主体仍由公检法三机关分段共享,检察院捕后复审之后只能建议其他机关改变羁押,该制度属于"增量配设"模式,仅仅是一种意义有限的"边缘调整"。在这些改革策略下,刑事司法机关能动性机制得以维系,而权利话语则艰难地实践。未来司法改革仍有赖于更多元化的立法决策主体的平等参与和理性互动。

The reform of procuratorial review model is the major legal issue during the last 30 years.There are four kinds of reform logic.In terms of the reform of arrest review system for the cases investigated by public security organ,the logic of 'maintaining status quo' was adopted.Regarding the reform of arrest review system for the duty crime cases,the review agency was changed into the upper-level procuratorate,which reflected the logic of 'bureaucratic control' rather than external control.The revised Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 added the post-arrest detention review system.As other judicial agencies were not restrained to the decision of the review agency(the people's procuratorate),this change was just a kind of 'incremental reform' and 'marginal adjustment'.Due to the four reform tactics,the procuratorial review model and the enabling power of judicial agencies were reserved and the defendant's right was neglected.The potential judicial reform still depends on the achievement of equal participation and rational interaction among the multiple interest groups.