电子的发现与化学键电子理论的发展

Discovery of Electron and Development of Electron Theory of Chemical Bond

1892年,荷兰物理学家洛伦兹通过创建电子论,为原子内部电子的发现提供了理论基础.1897年,英国物理学家汤姆逊从阴极射线中发现了自由电子,打破了原子不可分的传统观念,由此引发了卢瑟福、玻尔等人对原子内部结构的探索.同时,化学家们将物理学中的电子引入化学,开始用原子结构中的电子来解释化学行为,提出了化学键的电子理论,推动了化学键理论的发展.

Holland physicist Lorentz provided a theoretical basis for the discovery of atomic internal electrons by creating the electron theory in 1892 and British physicist J. J. Thomson dis- covered free electrons from the cathode rays in 1897, which successfully broke the traditional con- cept that atom was inseparable. Then, Rutherford, Bohr and others began to explore the internal structure of atoms. At the same time, chemists began to introduce physical electrons to chemistry and use the electrons from atoms to explain chemical behavior. They proposed the electron theory of the chemical bond and promoted the development of the theory of chemical bond.