基于吸声材料的火箭整流罩噪声环境控制

Noise control technology of launch vehicle fairing using sound-absorbing material

吸声材料是火箭常用的降噪方法之一。针对高速火箭整流罩,采用三聚氰胺泡沫塑料吸声材料开展了被动控制内声场降噪方法的实验和数值研究。首先,建立了阻抗管的实验平台,实验测量了吸声材料在不同厚度和表面处理下的吸声系数。然后,基于该材料设计了多种火箭整流罩的内声场降噪的方案,采用统计能量数值仿真方法及混响室噪声环境实验,研究了吸声材料厚度、表面处理及布局方式对整流罩降噪性能影响规律。结果表明,采用吸声材料能够有效降低整流罩内声场噪声,总声压级隔声量最大达5.5 d B,厚度增加和表面处理在一定程度上能够增加隔声量。

Sound-absorbing material is widely used for noise reduction of launch vehicle.In this paper,a passive noise control technology of melamine foam for launch vehicle payload fairing was experimentally and numerically investigated.Standing-wave-tube platform was established and the acoustic absorption coefficients of the fairing with different thicknesses and surface treatment were measured.Several noise reduction plans of payload fairing were designed.The influences of thickness, surface treatment and composition of melamine foam on noise reduction were investigated using statistical energy analysis method and reverberation chamber acoustic experiment.Results show that the noise reduction of the fairing with noise absorption material reaches to 5.5dB, and the increasement of thickness and surface treatment can increase the sound transmission loss.