间断式呼吸训练法应对焦虑及镇痛效果:随机对照实验

Effects of Intermittent Breath Method on Anxiety and Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

目的:在前人研究的基础上,对已有的放松方法进行改良,提出了间断式呼吸训练法,并探讨此方法应对焦虑及镇痛效果。方法:共招募在校大学生、研究生93名。随机分成间断式呼吸放松组(简称呼吸放松组)(n=31),音乐放松组(n=31),和对照组(n=31)。被试填写特质焦虑问卷,疼痛灾难化量表,然后分别进行20分钟的呼吸放松、音乐放松或自由等待,之后填写状态焦虑问卷,应激实验、冷压任务,最后填写应对策略问卷。结果:经过20分钟的训练,呼吸放松组和音乐放松组的状态焦虑水平显著低于对照组(28.76±5.08 vs.36.66±7.44,P<0.001;31.41±7.94 vs.36.66±7.44,P<0.01);呼吸放松组的痛阈显著高于音乐放松组和对照组(16.80±13.87 vs.11.49±9.83,P<0.05;16.80±13.87 vs.8.46±4.72,P<0.001);冷压任务中,冷压痛恢复阶段,呼吸放松组与音乐放松组的痛苦得分显著低于对照组(1.72±1.67vs.3.10±2.53,P<0.01;1.93±1.67vs.3.10±2.53,P<0.05)。结论:经过短期间断式呼吸放松训练的个体能有效应对焦虑,从痛苦中恢复。并且疼痛耐受性优于音乐放松组。间断式呼吸训练是一种有效的放松方法。

Objective： Based on previous researches, we developed a new relaxation method and tested its effects on re- ducing anxiety and analgesia. Methods： Ninety-three College students participated in this study, and were randomly divid- ed into 3 groups： the intermittent breath relaxation group（n=31）, the music relaxation group（n=31）, and the control group（n= 31）. The participants were asked to complete the Trait Anxiety Inventory and Pain Catastrophizing scale, and then received 20 min of intermittent breath training, music relaxation training, and just-waiting period, respectively. After that, all partici- pants performed two behavioral tasks： Mental Arithmetic Test and Cold Pressure Test. Mental arithmetic induced stress and cold water induced pain were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of relaxation training. Stress-related questionnaires were also filled in after the behavioral tests. Results： After the training, the state anxiety scores of both relaxation groups were significant lower than that of the control group（28.76±5.08 vs. 36.66±7.44, P〈 0.001; 31.41±7.94 vs. 36.66±7.44, P〈 0.01）. Pain thresholds of the intermittent breath group were statistically higher than the other two groups（16.80±13.87 vs. 11.49±9.83,P〈0.05; 16.80±13.87 vs. 8.46±4.72, P〈0.001）. The distress scores of the two relaxation groups were also lower than that of the control group during the recovery period in the Cold Pressure Test（1.72±1.67 vs. 3.10±2.53, P〈0.01; 1.93±1.67 vs. 3.10±2.53, P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Short-term intermittent breath relaxation training is an effective and reliable method for reducing anxiety and promoting recovery from distress. Overall, it is better than the ordinary music relaxation method.