不同冬剪留枝量对富士苹果生长和结果的影响

Effect of Different Amounts of Remaining Shoot on Growth and Yield of‘Fuji'Apple

以17a生乔化富士苹果为试验材料,比较冬季修剪多留枝量、中等留枝量和当地常规留枝量(对照)连续4a处理对苹果树体生长和结果的累加效应。结果表明:冬剪留枝量多和留枝量中等的处理有利于树体营养生长,树体干周、叶面积指数(LAI)大于当地常规留枝量;留枝量的多少对树体冠径大小无显著影响;中等留枝量处理的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2摩尔分数(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)较大,叶片全N质量分数较高;留枝量多和中等处理的果树产量较高;留枝量较少的对照处理单果质量较大,品质较好。综上,连续多年中等留枝量处理的苹果树体生长和结果综合表现最佳,当地现有冬剪留枝量应适度提高。

In this study,the 17-year-old‘Fuji＇apple trees were used as materials to compare additive effect on apple trees growth and yield among the high,medium and low（CK,local common shoot amount）shoot amount treatments of winter pruning after four consecutive years.The results showed that the treatments of high and medium shoot amounts contributed to tree vegetative growth,exhibited greater trunk circumference and leaf area index and than CK,but there was no significant effect on crown diameter among the three treatments.Medium shoot amount treatment had higher net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 molality fraction,transpiration rate and total N mass fraction of leaves than other treatments;trees treated with high and medium shoot amounts had higher fruit yield,while mean fruit mass of CK was larger and fruit quality was better.In summary,the treatment of medium shoot amount for consecutive years performed best in both the growth and yield indexes,so local common shoot amount after winter pruning should be increased adequately.