先秦至唐五代悼友诗简论

A Brief Discussion on Friends Mourning Poetry from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties

悼友诗在先秦至唐五代哀悼诗中占的比例最大。其主要内容和情感基调为赞和哀,在不同的朝代呈现出不同的风貌:汉代儒家思想的独尊导致了汉代悼友诗的宣扬忠、孝、节、义;三国两晋南北朝的分裂与动荡导致了三国两晋南北朝悼友诗的生命危机意识和团体化创作倾向;唐代政治的开明、经济的繁荣导致了唐代悼友诗的百花齐放、百家争鸣。"友"的大体平等但又彼此独立的社会关系亦是诗人以赞和哀作为主要内容和情感基调的重要原因。

Friends mourning poetry is most commonly seen in Mourning Poetry from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Its main content and emotional tone is praise and condolences. It presented different features in different dynasties. The Confucianism of the Han Dynasty resulted in advocate of loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness in friends mourning poetry of the Han Dynasty. The division and turmoil of the Three Kingdoms, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties led to the life crisis consciousness and group creation tendency in friends mourning poetry in that period while open and economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty politics led to the prosperity and development of friends mourning. ＂Friendship＂, as the roughly equal but mutually independent social relation, was also the important reason that people took praise and sorrow as the main content and the emotional tone.