家养动物选择信号研究进展

Selection signatures in domesticated animals

家养动物在人类生活中占有重要地位,它们都经历驯化而来,在自然和人工选择下,适应了当地环境和人类需要,形成了丰富多样的各类品种。驯化、自然和人工选择都会在基因组上留下选择信号。对这些选择信号进行研究,可以直接挖掘到功能基因,是目前最重要的功能基因筛选策略之一。当前已经对猪(Sus scrofa)、鸡(Gallus gallus)、牛(Bos taurus)、绵羊(Ovis aries)、山羊(Capra hircus)、犬(Canis lupus familiaris)及马(Equus caballus)等家养动物开展了选择信号研究,并挖掘了大量功能基因。本文主要概述了选择信号的种类和检测方法及其在家养动物中的研究进展,并讨论了选择信号分析的关键问题及其研究前景。

Domesticated animals play an important role in human lives. All the animals were firstly domesticated from the wild, and then adapted to the local environment and human needs and formed various breeds. During thelong process, natural and artificial selection leave selection signals in the genomes. Seeking out these selection sig- nals is one of the most important strategies in screening functional genes. Such studies have been carried out in pigs, chickens, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, horses and other domestic animals. Lots of functional genes had been iden- tified. Here we provide an overview of categories and detection methods of selection signals, outline progresses of selection signal studies in domestic animals, and discuss the key issues in selection signal analysis and its prospects.