基于能值的能源投入回报方法及其应用——以大庆油田为例

Emergy-based energy return on investment method and its application in Daqing Oilfield

能源资源开发过程中的环境影响和资源消耗问题日益凸显,而现有的以经济价值为衡量标准的评价方法对此考虑不足。本文从能源开发本质是为社会提供净能源这一层面入手,结合能值的相关理论方法,把能源开发过程的能源投入与产出及环境影响均视为能量的流动或贮存,建立了基于能值的能源投入回报法,并以大庆油田进行实例分析。根据实地调研数据,基于能值的能源投入回报方法结果显示大庆油田的能源投入回报值已经从2001年的6.3下降到2012年的3.6,说明其为社会提供的净能源正在递减。与标准能源投入回报方法相比,基于能值的能源投入回报方法结果下降趋势更明显,更符合实际情况。此外,基于能值的能源投入回报可以视为一种反映能源开发活动生态变化的指标,该方法关注经济活动的能源资源基础,从相对物理的视角反映了能源资源开发中的资源与环境问题。

Resource and environment issues involved in energy resource exploitation have become increasingly prominent. Due to inadequate consideration of these issues,economic evaluation methods are criticized and new methods are needed. The important role of energy resource exploitation is to provide net energy for society,and Energy Return on Investment（EROI）is a relative physical method that measures net energy from energy resource exploitation. To take environment and labor factors into consideration,this study introduces emergy theory and methods into EROI and establishes a new method termed Emergy- based Energy Return on Investment（Em EROI）as a new method for evaluating energy resource exploitation. Em EROI treats environmental impacts and labor as a particular state of flowing energy or stored energy. Using the Daqing oilfield as a case study,we found that the Em EROI of it decreased from 6.3 in 2001 to 3.6in 2012. The declining Em EROI indicates that net energy from Daqing oilfield exploitation is decreasing. Compared with the Standard EROI,the Em EROI result is much lower and the decline trend in Em EROI is more obvious,better fitting the actual situation. Focusing on the energy resource base of economic activities,Em EROI is an ecological index indicating the evolution of energy resource exploitation. Much more attention should be paid to Em EROI as it is a relative physical index reflecting the relationship between natural resource and economic activities. It is important to consider Em EROI as an auxiliary index when evaluating emergy resource exploitation.