红壤严重侵蚀区不同生态修复类型的土壤侵蚀控制作用

Control Functions to the Soil Erosion by Different Ecological Restoration Types in the Serious Red Soil Erosion Areas

以强干扰的马尾松林为对照,不同生态修复类型(封育、开挖竹节沟、开挖竹节沟+带状种草)的马尾松林为研究对象,研究不同修复类型的土壤侵蚀控制效果。研究结果表明:与对照相比,实施生态修复措施的马尾松林分土壤侵蚀强度明显降低,封育马尾松林、竹节沟马尾松林和种草竹节沟马尾松林土壤侵蚀强度分别比对照低2 332t/hm^2·a、2 414t/hm^2·a和2 456t/hm^2·a。种草竹节沟土壤最大持水量最大,封育林土壤水分渗透速率最高,两者均能减小水流对土壤的冲刷作用,对水分的涵养效果显著,而竹节沟马尾松林能够增加土壤的抗蚀性和抗冲性。总体来看,通过开挖竹节沟和种植灌草等措施对于防治红壤区严重土壤侵蚀具有明显的效果。

Compared with the strong interference Masson pine forest, the Masson pine forests with the different eco - restoration types （ enclosure, bamboo ditch digging, bamboo ditch digging ＋ grass belt） were selected for study of the soil erosion control effects under different restoration types. The results showed that compared with the control area, the soil erosion strength in the stand of Masson pine forest with the eco - restoration measures decreased obviously. The soil erosion strengths in the Masson pine forests with the measures of enclosure, bamboo ditch digging, and bamboo ditch digging ＋ grass belt are 2 332t/hm2 ~ a, 2 414t/hm2 ~ a and 2 456t/hm2 ~ a lower than that of in the control area, respectively. The maximum water holding capacity of soil with the measure of bamboo ditch digging ＋ grass belt is highest and the soil moisture permeation rate in the enclosure Masson pine forest is highest, both can reduce the scou- ting effect of water flow to the soil, with the obvious water conservation effect. In addition, the Masson pine forest with the measure of bamboo ditch can increase the soil resistance to erosion and souring. In general, measures such as bam- boo ditch digging and plantation of shrub and grass can have obvious effect on the prevention of severe soil erosion in the red soil areas.