圣王抑或中主——《韩非子》君主观研究

The Study of Han Fei Zi's Monarchical concept

韩非并不重视对君主权力正当性的证明,他更关注君主极权得以实现的具体应对。透过《韩非子》中记述的那些具体的政治举措,可以看到韩非对君主的要求有着自相矛盾之处。一方面他追求政治秩序的客观运作,力图实现"中主"即可治盛世的愿望;另一方面,上层政治客观化的可能性又要求君主具有极高的自制力以及充满智慧的头脑。韩非在圣王和中主之间的徘徊,显示出其君主观中最为突出的矛盾冲突。这种矛盾,根本上是客观的法制与主观的人治之间的矛盾。

Han Fei does not attach importance to proving the legitimacy of the sovereign power, but he is more concerned about whether the specific response totalitarian monarchy can be realized. Through those concrete political initiatives describes in Han Fei Zi, we can see the requirements of Han Fei on monarch existing self - contradictory. On the one hand , he persists that the operation of political order should be objective ,trying to achieve the ＂a medium virtuous monarch＂desire for flourishing rule;on the other hand, the possibilities of objectivity of top politics require that the monarch be with high self control and a mind full of wisdom. Han Fei＇ s wandering between great monarch and ordinary monarch reflects the most prominent conflicts of in Han Fei＇ s view on monarch. The conflict suggests in Han Fei＇ s view on monarch is the contradiction between objective law and subjective man.