司法体制改革的合宪性问题研究——以省统管和跨行政区划法院、检察院制度设计为中心

The Constitutionality of the Reform of the Judicial System Studies——Centering on rovincial governing and cross-administrative division court and procuratorate system design

现行两院组织法关于地方人民法院、人民检察院对本级人民代表大会负责并报告工作的规定是依据1978年宪法作出的,强化了地方人民法院、人民检察院对本级人民代表大会负责的政治体制,从而为司法地方化留下了一定空间。其滞后于1982年宪法所规定的地方人民法院、人民检察院对产生它的人民代表大会负责。以"司法权属于中央事权"为核心理论的去司法地方化的省统管法检人财物和跨行政区划法院、检察院设置改革,内在地要求地方人民法院、人民检察院与地方人大并非严格一一对应,1982年宪法为此提供了充分的宪法资源。当前两院组织法修改应依循1982年宪法进行相应调整,进而统筹安排省统管法检人财物以及跨行政区划法院检察院的设置。

Basing on the 1978 Constitution,the regulation that local People＇s Courts and People＇sProcuratorate should be responsible to and report to the People ＇s Congress at corresponding level, under the Organic Law of Court and Procuratorate, reinforcedthe political system of local People ＂s Courts and People ＂s Procuratorate being responsible to the Peoples Congress at corresponding level, thus left certain room for judicial localization. It lagged behind the system of local People~ court and People~ Procuratorate being responsible to the People＇s Congress they originated from under the 1982 Constitutional Law. In the judicial delocalized reform of province governing human, financial and material resources of court and procuratorate and cross- administrative division court and procuratorate setup with the core concept ＂judicial power belongs to central powers＂, it was not necessary for local People’s Court and Peoples Proeuratorate to be fully correspond to local People’s Congress, for which the 1982 Constitution has provided sufficient Constitutional Law resource. Currently, amendment for the Organic Law of Court and Procuratorate should be adjusted in accordance with the 1982 Constitution, in order to make comprehensive arrangement for province governing human, financial and material resources of court and procuratorate and the setup of cross-administrative division courts and procuratorates.