农户过量施用化肥行为的影响因素分析——以新疆棉花种植户为例

Impact Factors of Excessive Household Fertilization: A Case Study of Cotton Growing in Xinjiang, China

过度施用化肥带来的负外部性使棉区土壤面临着棉花增产和保护生态环境的双重挑战。本文在棉花生产的决策主体农户尺度上,利用对新疆重点植棉地区实地问卷调查所得数据,定量化研究了新疆棉农过度施用化肥程度,并通过经济计量模型分析了导致农户过量施用化肥的主要因素。研究结果表明,新疆棉花种植农户的化肥施用量(折纯量)平均达到610.20 kg·hm^(-2),过量施用率占到实际施用量的59.6%。导致农户过量施用化肥的主要因素是缺乏科学施肥培训和避免收入损失的盲目性。研究结果在农户行为学方面做了有益的科学探讨,并为科学引导农户合理施肥提供了科学依据。

Excessive fertilization causes negative externalities and presents cotton farmers with the dual challenge of increasing cotton production and protecting the environment. We conducted a survey at the household level in Xinjiang to determine the amount of fertilization and analyzed, using an econometric model, the main factors affecting the farmers＇ behaviors regarding ap- plying excessive amounts of fertilizers. Based on the farmers＇ behavior, the average amount of fertilizer applied was 610.20 kg·hm^-2, which is 59.6% higher than the cotton requirement. The model＇s analysis indicated that the major causes for excessive fer- tilization were the lack of rational fertilization training and the desire to avoid the loss of revenue. The research provides a useful methodology for understanding the farmers＇ behaviors and helpful knowledge for guiding fertilization at the household level.