“公天下”与两汉士人的国家认知

Royalty for the Public and Scholar's National Recognition in the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties

秦汉不断强化的"公天下"学说,促进了士大夫对天下事务的自觉承担,也吸引了大量士人入仕。但当天下秩序不能按照朝野预设的共同想象发展时,再受命便成为调和皇权与天命的学说,用来调整刘姓王室之内的矛盾。当这类调整不能有效改变国家的失序状态,异姓称帝的禅让学说便不断强化,成为两汉政权更替的新学理。

The theory of ＂royalty for the public＂,which has been gradually strengthened over the Qin Dynasty and the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties,encouraged the scholar-bureaucrat to consciously take on the world affairs and attracted a large number of scholars to enter into the official career. However,when the order of the society fails to develop according to what have been presupposed by the people,getting the mandate of heaven again becomes a favorable theory to mediate the conflict between the royal power and the theory of destiny,mainly in the adjustments of surnamed Liu Family. If these adjustments cannot effectively achieve the normal operation of the state order,the abdication system of emperor with different surnames is supposed to be strengthened,thus becoming the new theory for the dynasty substitution in the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties.