辐射防护剂和治疗剂的研究进展

Recent Advances in Radioprotector and Radiation Treatment Agents Research

随着核能与核技术的迅速发展及广泛应用,人们接触电离辐射的机会日益增多。辐射防护剂和治疗剂的应用倍受关注,但目前使用的许多辐射防护剂和治疗剂都不太理想。研究人员一直致力于研究高效、低毒的天然辐射防护剂。本文主要关注了化学类、植物和天然中草药的辐射防护剂以及细胞因子和干细胞辐射治疗剂的应用前景。氨磷汀(WR-2721)及相关化合物最具市场前景,但是严重的不良反应限制其临床应用。植物提取物和天然中草药具有毒性小、价格相对低廉、可以口服给药,并且可以通过多种机制发挥作用的优势,因此成为国内外研究关注的热点。细胞因子治疗能够预防或减少急性辐射综合症(ARS)。间充质干细胞(MSC)具有分泌造血生长因子、重建造血微环境、低免疫原性、易于外源基因转染和表达等优点,将其应用于急性辐射损伤的临床治疗具有十分广阔的前景。因此,植物和中草药作为辐射防护剂和MSC作为放射治疗剂的协同应用可能是未来研究的趋势。

With the rapid development of the nuclear industry widespread application of nuclear technology, the opportunity of person exposure to ionizing radiation is increasing. So much focus on radioprotector and radiation treatment agents. However, no ideal radioprotec- tot and radiation treatment agents are available at present. Researchers attempted to find some effective approaches to protect and treat humans against such effects of ionizing radia- tion. This review mainly dwell on the radioprotective potential of chemicals, plant and herbs as well as cytokine, stem cell and their application prospects in radiation protection. Several chemical compounds and their analogues have been screened for their radioprotective ability, however, their high toxicity at optimum protective doses precluds their clinical use. The plant and natural products are usually less toxic, relatively cheap, can be orally administered and can act through multiple mechanisms due to the presence of many activated chemicals.Cytokine therapy is the main strategy capable of preventing or reducing the acute radiation syndrome （ARS）, however, use of cytokines should be restricted, because ARS is a global illness that requires treatment of damages to all damage tissues. MSC is a promising approach developed in the laboratory, which is o{ great therapeutic potential due to their capacity, including secretion of hematopoietic cytokine, reconstruction hemopoietic mieroenvironment, poor-immunogenicity, ease of reception ectogenic gene transfection and expression. Concerted application of plant and herbs as radioprotectors and MSC as radiation treatment agents may be a promising approach in the. future.