陕西关中两贫困县4～6年级学生父母教养方式与我国常模的比较分析

Comparision of family upbringing styles of pupils in grades 4-6 in 2 poor counties of the central Shaanxi plain with the Chinese norm

目的分析陕西关中两贫困县4~6年级学生的家庭教养方式特点,并与我国常模进行比较,为贫困县儿童健康发展提供帮助。方法随机抽取地处陕西关中地区的澄城和白水两贫困县4~6年级1 000名学生,统一填写"家庭教养方式问卷(Family Upbringing Style Questionaire,FUSQ)",并与程灶火2009年制定的我国常模数据进行统计学分析。结果1)父亲版家庭教养方式中,男女生在接纳-拒绝、民主-独裁、尊重-羞辱、宽容-放纵、激励-惩罚、理解-责备和温情-粗暴维度得分上均低于常模得分。贫困县男童和常模男童除了在民主-独裁和关心-袒护两个维度得分上无差异外,其余维度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);贫困县女童和常模女童除了在管教-控制维度得分上无差异外,其余维度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。2)母亲版家庭教养方式中,男女生在接纳-拒绝、尊重-羞辱、宽容-放纵、激励-惩罚和温情-粗暴维度得分上均低于常模得分。贫困县男童和常模男童除了在理解-责备维度得分上无差异外,其余维度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);贫困县女童和常模女童在10个维度得分上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05或<0.01)。影响贫困县学生维度得分较低的主要因素有不同家庭类型、经济状况及父母文化程度。结论陕西关中贫困县4~6年级儿童的教养方式与常模有一定差异,存在很多消极的教养方式,应该引起家长的重视,以便及时调整恰当的教养方式以促进儿童健康成长。

Objective To analyze the family upbringing styles of pupils of grades 4-6 in 2 poverty counties of the central Shaanxi plain, and to compare them with Chinese Norm so as to provide reference for the healthy development of children in poverty counties. Methods We randomly selected 1,000 pupils of grades 4-6 in two poor counties, Chengeheng County and Balshui County in the central Shaanxi plain. All the subjects were investigated by Family Upbringing Style Questionaire （ FUSQ）, and the results were statistically analyzed based on the Chinese norm which was constituted by Cheng Zhao-huo in 2009. Results For the pupils with father upbringing style, the scores of acceptance-refusal, democracy-dictatorship, respect-shame, tolerance-in- dulgence, award-penalty, understanding-blame and warmth- asperity were all lower than those of the Chinese norm. The scores of all dimensions except democracy-dictatorship and attention-shield were statistically significant different between the poverty-coun- ty boys and the norm boys （ all P〈0.01 ）. The scores of all dimensions except discipline-control were statistically significant different between the poverty-county girls and the norm girls （all P〈0.01）. For pupils with mother upbringing style, the scores of ac- ceptance-refusal, respect-shame, tolerance-indulgence, award-penalty and warmth- asperity were lower than those of the norm. There were statistically singificant differences in the scores of all dimensions except understanding-blame between the poor-county boys and the norm boys（ all P〈0.01 ） , as well as in the scores of all of the 10 dimensions between the poor-county girls and the norm girls （ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. The main factors influencing the lower scores of the dimensions were family type, economic situation and parents＇ educational background. Conclusions The family upbringing styles of the pupils of grades 4-6 in the poor counties of the central Shaanxi plain are different from the Chinese norm , and there exist negative family upbringing styles. Parents should pay more attention to family upbringing styles for timely adjustment to promote children＇ s healthy development.