成都市流动儿童家庭经济和社会状况对“五苗”全程接种率影响

Effect of family economic and social situation on the complete inoculation rate of the primary 5 vaccines among floating children in Chengdu City

目的了解成都市流动儿童的家庭经济和社会状况及对卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹/麻风疫苗和乙肝疫苗(以下简称"五苗")全程接种率的影响。方法 2014年5-7月,采取分阶段整群随机抽样法,入户调查2010年9月1日-2011年8月31日出生,且户籍地非成都市主城区的流动儿童共1 057人,查看儿童预防接种证和对家长进行问卷调查,统计分析家庭经济社会状况对五苗全程接种率的影响。结果调查儿童的五苗全程接种率为83.35%,女孩(86.2%)高于男孩(80.7%,χ2=5.943,P=0.015)。来蓉居住3-6个月的流动儿童五苗全程接种率最高(87.9%),其次是居住1年以上(84.3%),居住未满3个月的流动儿童最低(70.4%,χ2=10.686,P=0.014);家长文化程度为高中和大专及以上时,儿童五苗全程接种率较高(87.2%、86.4%),文盲最低(66.7%,χ2=11.310,P=0.023);母亲职业为家务或待业的儿童五苗全程接种率最高(86.9%,χ2=14.144,P=0.015);随着家庭月收入的增加,儿童五苗全程接种率也随之增加,卡方线性趋势检验差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.946,P<0.001)。在二类疫苗承受价位方面,大部分家长(68.6%)能承受100~499元的价位,少部分(10.0%)还能承受500元及以上价位。经卡方检验,女孩、居住时间长、家长文化程度高、母亲职业为家务或待业、家庭月收入高的流动儿童的五苗全程接种率高(χ2=5.943~22.652,P<0.05)。结论成都市流动儿童五苗全程接种率的影响因素有儿童性别、居住时间、家长文化程度、母亲职业、家庭月收入。

Objective To investigate the family economic and social situation of floating children in Chengdu City and its impact on the complete inoculation rate of BCG, OPV, DPT, MV/MR and HBV （hereinafter referred to briefly as ＂the primary 5 vaccines＂ ）. Methods From May to July, 2014, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 1,057 floating children who were born from September 1st, 2010 to August 31st, 2011 and not registered in the main urban districts of Chengdu City. A household questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents, and the children ＇ s vaccination certificates were checked. The effects of family economic and social situation on the complete inoculation rate of the primary 5 vaccines were statistically analyzed. Results The complete inoculation rate of the primary 5 vaccines in the children surveyed was 83.35%, and it was higher in girls （ 86.2% ） than in boys （ 80.7%, χ^2 = 5.943, P= 0.015 ）. Children who had lived in Chengdu City for 3-6 months （ 87.9% ） had the highest complete inoculation rate, followed by those for more than 1 year （ 84.3% ） and those for less than 3 months （ 70. 4%, χ^2 = 10.686, P= 0.014）. The complete inoculation rate was comparatively higher among children whose parents＇ educational background was senior high school （ 87.2% ） and junior college or above （ 86.4% ）, and it was the lowest among those with illiterate parents （66.7%, χ^2= 11.310, P = 0.023）. The complete inoculation rate reached the highest when the chidrens mothers were unemployed （86.9%, χ^2= 14. 144, P= 0.015）. With the improvement of family monthly income, the inoculation rate increased, and statistically significant difference was show by linear trend chi-square （χ^2= 19. 946, P〈 0. 001）. Most parents （68.6%） could spend 100-499 Yuan on the second class vaccine, and few of them （ 10.0%） could bear 500 Yuan and above. Chi-square demonstrated that the complete inoculation rate of the primary five vaccines was higher when the child was a girl, had a longer duration in Chengdu, had an unemployed mother, or higher family monthly income （χ^2 = 5. 943-22. 652, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Children sex, duration in Chengdu, parents＇ educational background, mother＇ s occupation and family monthly income affected the complete inoculation rate of the primary 5 vaccines.