企业分担了地方政府的财政压力吗?——基于出口退税分担机制改革的经验研究

Do Enterprises Undertake the Financial Pressure of Local Government?:The Empirical Research based on Export Tax Rebate Sharing Mechanism Reform

分税制改革形成了新的财政集权,地方政府是否会将财政压力转移到企业身上,提高企业税收负担?以2004年出口退税分担机制改革为外生政策变化,使用1998-2009年工业企业数据库,利用双重差分法研究了财政压力与企业税负关系。研究发现;(1)出口退税分担机制改革后,地方政府财政压力增大,位于出口大省的企业实际税负显著上升,这说明当地企业分担了地方政府的财政压力;(2)进一步研究表明,国有企业税负提高最多,外资企业次之,私营企业最小;(3)相对于非出口企业,从事出口贸易的企业承担了更多的税负。各级政府应该完善转移支付制度,缓解地方企业因财政压力导致的税负高企。

The tax sharing reform brings new fiscal centralization, it＇s worthy of attention that if the local government will shift the financial pressure to enterprises through improving the tax burden. This paper conducts an empirical analysis of financial pressure and enterprises＇ tax burden using difference-in-difference method, employing the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database over 1998-2009, based on export tax rebate sharing mechanism reform. We find that the enterprises＇ actual tax burden which are from the export powerhouse increase significantly after the reform. The results show that local enterprises undertake the financial pressure of the local government. Further studies suggest that the state-owned enterprises feel the most effect, second in foreign enterprises and least in private enterprises. Relative to non-export enterprises, export enterprises bear the higher tax burden.