采样滤筒及处理方法对颗粒物中重金属含量的影响

Effect of Sampling Filter Cartridge and Treatment Methods on Determining Heavy Metals in Stationary Source Emission

对采集废气颗粒物中重金属的滤筒作研究,包括不同材质及厂家滤筒的筛选、不同消解方法系统误差的确定、仪器与方法检出限的测定及实际采样滤筒中重金属含量的检测。测定国内外4种不同材质滤筒中重金属的本底值发现:进口W牌玻璃纤维滤筒中8种常测重金属含量较低且均一稳定,更适用于颗粒物中重金属的采集;对比消解同批次W牌空白滤筒发现,Cu,Ni,Pb用微波消解与电热板消解均不存在明显的系统误差,而Cd有明显的误差,故须选用条件更加稳定可控的微波消解;当标况采样体积为0.600 m^3时,多张W牌玻璃纤维滤筒经微波消解处理后测得10种元素的方法检出限均低于HJ 657—2013标准检出限;采集并测定生活垃圾焚烧炉的颗粒物中Cu,Ni,Pb,Cr,As,Co,Sb,Mn,Cd及TI的平均含量表明:该焚烧炉排放重金属浓度低于标准排放限值。

Investigating the method of sampling the heavy metals in stationary source emission, including choosingfilter cartridge from different manufacturers and materials, comparing the system error through different digestion methods, determining instrument and method detection limit, and analyzing the content of the heavy metals foractual sampling filter cartridge. Compared With the content of the heavy metals for 8 kinds of filter cartridge, glass fiber filter cartridge for W had the lowest levels for heavy metals and the excellent stability for the content of heavymetals, which were more suitable to sample the particulate matters. Microwave digestion and hot plate digestiondid not existed obvious system error for the elements as Cu, Ni and Pb, while the two digestion methods had the clear difference for Cd. So we chose the more stable and controllable method of microwave digestion. The method detection limits for different W filter cartridge by microwave digestion were lower than the standard （HJ 657-2013） when the standard condition of sampling volume was 0.600 m^3. The results, measuring the contents of heavy metals at municipal solid waste incinerator, indicated that the contents of ten elements were lower than that of the emission limit value.