论王阳明良知的“自信”

On the "Confidence" in Wang Yangming's Innate Knowledge

良知的"自信"是王阳明致良知思想中的关键一环。良知本体知是知非,但是受到遮蔽的良知如何真正得以落实,是工夫上的一大问题。由于良知本体的"无善无恶",一方面很难真切体认良知本体,做到对良知"信得及",另一方面容易将自身的经验知识或者意念加诸良知,混淆私欲和良知。这些缺乏良知自信的表现都会阻碍良知本体的发用。同时在良知本体上无法做工夫,而从后天意念处下手,又不能直截了当。因而只有通过立志成圣对良知起信,真正将良知实有诸己,才能悟入良知本体。不过,对良知自信过分,就可能引发普遍认同的客观化问题。

The ＂confidence＂ in the innate knowledge is a key link in the Wang Yangming＇ s thought of the extension of innate knowledge.The original substance of innate knowledge is able to know that the consciousness is good or not, but how to extent the innate knowledge covered by desire and selfishness is a problem of the effort. Because the original substance of innate knowledge is the state of having neither good nor evil, on the one hand, it is difficult to truly recognize the innate knowledge and be confident in innate knowledge; on the other hand, it is easy to put innate knowledge as experience knowledge or ideas and confuse the innate knowledge and desires.The lack of confidence will hinder the work of the innate knowledge.At the same time the original substance of innate knowledge cannot be affected, and extending innate knowledge with the acquired ideas is not straightforward.Therefore, raising confidence in innate knowledge in the way of to become a sage, and real existence on oneself, then the original substance of innate knowledge can be realized.However, the unlimited confidence of innate knowledge will lead to a problem of universal objectivity.