配合饲料中添加玉米DDGS对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体组成及免疫指标的影响

Effect of Dietary Dried Distiller's Grains with Solubles(DDGS) on the Growth, Body Composition, and Immune Enzymes Activities of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)

在基础饲料中分别添加0、10%、20%、30%、40%的玉米干酒精糟及其可溶物(Dried distiller's grains with solubles,DDGS),配制成5种等氮等能的实验饲料(DDGS0、DDGS10、DDGS20、DDGS30和DDGS40),饲喂初始体重为(9.69±0.28)g的刺参56 d,研究玉米DDGS作为替代蛋白源对其生长、体成分及免疫指标的影响。结果显示,随着玉米DDGS添加水平的升高,刺参增重率和特定生长率略有下降,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。各实验组刺参体壁指数、肠道指数、肠长比以及体壁水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均不受玉米DDGS添加的影响(P>0.05)。体腔液中溶菌酶的活性呈先上升后稳定的趋势,其中,DDGS20和DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0和DDGS10组(P<0.05),DDGS30组与其他各组无显著差异(P>0.05)。酸性磷酸酶的活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,在DDGS20组达到最大值,其中,DDGS20组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。酚氧化酶的活性随着DDGS添加量的增加呈上升趋势,各添加组均显著高于DDGS0组(P<0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS10组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中添加玉米DDGS对体腔液中碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究表明,饲料中添加0–40%的玉米DDGS均不影响刺参的生长和体壁成分,且添加20%–40%的玉米DDGS能提高刺参体腔液中免疫酶的活性。

Dried distiller＇s grains with solubles （DDGS） is the primary corn co-product of dry-grind fuel ethanol plants. It consists of distiller＇s grains combined with condensed solubles from yeast fermentation, and typically contains about 27% crude proteins, 7% starch, 42% neutral detergent fibers, and 0.6% phosphorus. DDGS has gained increasing interest as a potential feed ingredient for aquaculture animals due to the low cost and enrichment in proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of DDGS level on the growth performance, body composition, and immune enzyme activities of sea cucumber Apostichopusjaponicas. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated that contained 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% DDGS, designated as DDGS0 （control）, DDGS 10, DDGS20, DDGS30, and DDGS40 groups respectively. Three replicates of sea cucumber weighing （9.69±0.28） g were fed in one dietary group till apparent satiety two times every day for 56 days. The weight gain （WG） and the specific growth rate （SGR） were decreased along with the increase in DDGS level but there was no significant difference between experimental groups （P〉0.05）. The body wall index （BI）, the intestine index （II）, the intestine length ratio （ILR）, and the composition of body wall were not affected by the addition of dietary DDGS （P〉0.05）. The activities of lysozyme （LZM） and acid phosphatase （ACP） in coelomic fluid were higher in the DDGS20 and DDGS40 groups than in the control group （P〈0.05）. The activities of phenol oxidase （PO） in coelomic fluid were raised along with the increase in the level of DDGS, and were significantly higher than that of the DDGS0 group （P〈0.05）. The activity of alkaline phosphatase （AKP） was not affected by dietary DDGS （P〉0.05）. These results indicated that corn DDGS could be a potential dietary ingredient and could be used at a concentration of 20% to 40% to improve the growth and immunity of sea cucumbers.