榕-蜂系统中影响传粉榕小蜂繁殖及存活的因素研究

Research on effecting factors for reproduction and survivability of pollinating fig wasps in fig-fig wasps mutualism

榕属植物(Ficus)及其传粉昆虫榕小蜂(Agaonidae)是自然界协同进化的经典模型,榕小蜂资源是实现榕-蜂繁殖衔接的重要因素。对分布在西双版纳地区的两种重要榕属植物:鸡嗉子榕(Ficus semicordata)和高榕(Ficus altissima)进行人工控制性放蜂实验,分别验证季节变化、母代雌蜂年龄、榕果雌花期延长对小蜂后代数量、败育率和后代体长的影响。结果表明:季节变化对小蜂后代数量、败育率无影响,而对小蜂后代体大小有一定影响。而随着母代雌蜂年龄的增加和榕果雌花期的延长,都会对小蜂后代数量产生负面影响,使败育率上升,后代体长变小。这一结果有助于了解榕-蜂系统对互利共生双方繁殖的调节,为进一步研究榕-蜂系统的稳定性提供了依据。

The interaction between pollinating fig wasps （Agaonidae） and their host fig trees （F/cus） is a striking example of an ob- ligate pollination mutualism. Agaonidae resource is the key factor which hinges fig-fig wasps reproduction. To test the influences of sea- sonal change, length of female phase and foundress age on the wasps offspring numbers, abortion ratio and body length of wasps off- spring, we performed manually-controlling experiments on two important Ficus species distributed in Xishuangbanna, Ficus semicordata and Ficus altissima. The experimental results revealed that seasonal change had no significant influence on wasps offspring numbers and abortion ratio, while it had significant impact on offspring body size. Furthermore, prominent negative influences can be found either a- long with the increase in age of foundress, or with the extension of female phase of figs, such as lower offspring numbers, higher abor- tive percentage and shorter body length of offspring.