甘蔗渣与牛粪高温好氧堆肥的适宜配比研究

The Optimum Proportion by Bagasse and Cow Dung of High-temperature Composting Organic Fertilizer

目的:探讨甘蔗渣的资源化利用技术。方法:以甘蔗渣(或玉米秆)和牛粪为主要高温好氧堆肥原料,以菜籽粉、尿素和微生物菌剂为辅料,设不同甘蔗渣(或玉米秆)和牛粪堆制原料比例,研究了不同甘蔗渣和牛粪好氧堆肥的最佳配比。结果:结果表明,从有机肥的有机质、总养分和重金属等指标含量来看,不同比例的甘蔗渣物料配方和玉米秆物料配方处理的有机肥均达到了农业部有机肥质量标准要求。不同甘蔗渣(或玉米秆)和牛粪处理的总养分含量分别为6.88%、6.42%、7.28%和7.32%,腐殖酸含量差异较小。不同甘蔗渣(或玉米秆)和牛粪处理的铵态氮占速效氮比例分别为97.5%、96.7%、99.7%和99.7%,以甘蔗渣与牛粪配比处理的速效氮含量有随着甘蔗渣用量比例的增加而有下降趋势。不同甘蔗渣(或玉米秆)和牛粪堆制有机肥的重金属含量低,均不到限量标准的1/3。甘蔗渣与牛粪的干重比为5∶5和6∶4的两个配方处理的有机肥的大肠杆菌数量达标,甘蔗渣对真菌、细菌和放线菌的生长繁殖较玉米秸秆有一定的抑制作用。结论:甘蔗渣与牛粪配比干重比以5∶5或6∶4较适宜,能提高有机肥的速效性和安全性。

Objective：To explore the utilization technology of bagasse. Method：Used by bagasse and cow dung as main raw materials of high - temperature composting organic fertilizer and used by rapeseed cake and urea as auxiliary materials, different proportion of sugarcane residue to cow dung were studied in the high - temperature compesting organic fertilizer. Result：The results showed that the contents of organic matter, total nutrient and heavy metals in the organic fertilizer reached the standard of agriculture organic fertilizer quality, contents of total nutrient were 6.88% ,6.42% ,7.28% and 7.32%, and the difference of humic acid content was little. The available nitrogen content of bagasse and cow dung treatment decreased with the increasing of the bagasse proportion. Proportion of N - NH4 to N - NO3 of four treatments were 97.5% ,96.7% ,99.7% and 99.7% respechively. Escherichia coli number of bagasse and cow dung treatments whose dry weight proportion were 5 ： 5 and 6 ： 4 were standard. The growth and propagation of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes of bagasse were inhibited.Conclusion： Dry weight proportion of 5 ： 5 or 6 ： 4 of bagasse to cow dung are more appropriate, and they can im- prove the available safety and organic fertilizer.