内科胸腔镜胸膜活检术与血清肿瘤标志物在不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值

Combined detection of pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy and serum tumor markers in diagnosis of pleural effusion with unknown reason

目的探讨内科胸腔镜下胸膜活检术和肺部肿瘤标志物对不明原因胸腔积液的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析该院2014年1月-2016年3月76例不明原因胸腔积液的患者,采用内科胸腔镜进行胸膜活检送病理,且在入院时即采集患者静脉血10 ml送检,查血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、胃泌素释放肽前体(Pro GRP)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)]进行测定。结果 76例不明原因胸腔积液的患者中有良性病变32例(肺结核14例,炎性病变9例,肉芽肿性炎6例,脓胸2例,错构瘤1例);恶性病变44例(腺癌18例,鳞癌13例,小细胞肺癌6例,腺鳞癌3例,间皮瘤2例,大细胞癌1例,胸腺瘤1例)。检测血清肿瘤标志物发现,血清中CEA、SCC-Ag、Pro GRP、CYFRA21-1水平在恶性胸腔积液组与良性胸腔积液组之间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.021、P=0.006、P=0.003和P=0.010),恶性胸腔积液患者血清各项肿瘤标记物水平明显高于良性胸腔积液的患者。根据病理结果将44例恶性胸腔积液中非肺癌所致胸腔积液的患者剔除(即2例间皮瘤及1例胸腺瘤患者),将剩下的41例肺癌所致胸腔积液患者,根据病理类型分为非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)与小细胞肺癌(SCLC)。分析结果显示CEA、Pro GRP和CYFRA21-1水平在NSCLC与SCLC中差异具有统计学意义(P=0.036,P=0.005,P=0.008),而SCC-Ag差异无统计学意义(P=0.811)。结论内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液中具有检出率高、准确性高的特点,尤其是对胸膜转移瘤的恶性胸积液的诊断具有重要的意义。但血清学指标可以在病理结果出来之前为医师提供重要的参考价值,是临床诊断肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的一种重要的手段,值得在临床推广应用。

Objective To discuss combined detection of pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy and pulmonary serum tumor markers in diagnosis of pleural effusion with unknown reason.Methods 76 patients with pleural effusion caused by unknown reason from January 2014 to March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Pleural biopsy was conducted under medical thoracoscopy and sent for pathological examination, and 10 ml venous blood was collected from these patients upon admission for testing serum tumor markers （CEA, SCC-AG, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1）.Results Among the 76 patients, there were 32 cases with benign lesions （14 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 9 with inlfammatory lesions, 6 with granulomatous inlfammation, 2 with empyema and 1 with hamartoma） and 44 cases with malignant lesions （18 with adenocarcinoma, 13 with squamous carcinoma, 6 with small cell lung cancer, 3 with adeno-squamous carcinoma, 2 with mesothelioma, 1 with large cell carcinoma and 1 with thymoma）. The detection of serum tumor markers showed statistically significant differences in the levels of CEA, SCC-AG, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1 in serum between the malignant pleural effusion group and benign pleural effusion group （P = 0.021,P = 0.006,P = 0.003 andP = 0.010）. The levels of various serum tumor markers in the malignant pleural effusion group were obviously higher than those in the benign pleural effusion group. According to the pathological results, patients with pleural effusions not caused by lung cancer （2 with mesothelioma and 1 with thymoma） were eliminated from 44 patients with malignant pleural effusions. The rest 41 patients with pleural effusions caused by lung cancer were divided into non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer according to the pathological types. The results showed that there were statistically signiifcant differences in the levels of CEA, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1 between non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer （P = 0.036,P = 0.005 andP = 0.008）, while there was no statistically signiifcant difference in the level of SCC-AG （P = 0.811）.Conclusions Due to high detection rate and high accuracy in detecting pleural effusions caused by unknown reason, medical thoracoscopy is of great signiifcance, especially for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions of pleural metastases. However, serum indicators may provide important reference values for us before the pathological results are available. Thus, it is an important means of diagnosing malignant pleural effusions caused by lung cancer and should be promoted in clinic.