分析化学过去、现在和展望

Analytical Chemistry; Past, Present and Prospect

作者首先叙述了分析化学的源起,认为这门科学与人类文明文化,如青铜、黄铜冶炼、酿酒等大有关系。继出现东、西方的丹金术、欧洲中世纪的大试金术。后者可称为现代分析化学的前驱。适十七八世纪现代化学之兴起,分析化学起了主要作用。嗣后重量法、容量法、比色法、分光光度法、发射光谱法、极谱法、质谱法、层析法等等相继出现。这些方法可分为两大类——即化学法和仪器法。二者各有其优缺点;需要相辅相成,而决不是对立、排挤。另一方面,常量法之后又出现微量法和痕量分析。最后为分析化学在我国健康成长提出一些看法和意见。

The smelting of bronze and brass, the wine-mading etc. in ancient times may be regarded as the beginning of analytical chemistry, even though the term analytical chemistry was coined much later by R. Boyle. Later on, alchemy appeared both in the west and the East, aiming at either the turning of base metal in gold or longevity. In middle age, fire assay was practised in Europe, which may be regarded as the forerunner of modern analytical chemistry. During 17th and 18th centuries, modern chemistry came into existence with the help of analytical chemistry. Since then, gravimetry, titrimetry, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, emission spectrometry, polarography, mass spectrometry, chromatography etc. appeared. These methods may be grouped under chemical and instrumental analyses. Each method possesses its advantages and disadvantages. These two groups of methods supplement each other and by noway against one another in their service to mankind. On the other hand, there are micro- and trace analyses besides macro-methods. Finally, some comments and suggestions are proposed for the development of analytical chemistry in China.