从《世界土壤资源状况报告》解读全球土壤学社会责任和发展特点及对中国土壤学研究的启示

Societal Responsibility and Development Trends of Global Soil Studies and the Provisions for China: Lessons from the Status of the 《World's Soil Resources Report》

解读2015年发布的《世界土壤资源状况报告》。基于对世界土壤资源状况的多视角分析,提出1/3面积的世界土壤资源处于部分或严重受损的态势,再次强调了世界土壤资源对于全球社会的普世价值,彰显了全面监测、调控和管理全球土壤资源的重大任务以及教育、研究和技术发展支撑全球土壤可持续管理的社会责任。报告表明,全球土壤学研究焦点是土壤变化与自然和人类活动驱动力、土壤退化及其导致的土壤质量、过程、功能和服务的变化,热点是碳(氮)—水—生物储库及分布为代表的生物地球化学与全球系统气候变化、生态系统功能及人类健康生活的关系;全球土壤学发展的突出趋势还表现为大数据为基础的集成研究。全球土壤学话语权仍为欧美发达国家所主导,中国土壤学的影响还很小,我国土壤学研究水平及其对社会的服务作用急需提升。

2015 is the International Year of Soil （IYS） adopted by the 378th Congress of the United Nations. The Status of the World’s Soil Resources was released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, which was the policy report about the status of the world soil resources for the first time. The universal values of the global community were strengthened by the challenges for the global society from the risk and safety of the change of soil quality, functions, services and soil health. One third of the world soil resources were suffering serious degradation, which could affect the food security in the future, regional development and local conflicts in the report. The major task of the global monitoring, regulation and management of the world soil resources and the social responsibility of supporting the sustainable soil management by education, research and technology development were highlighted. The social responsibility and global development trends of soil science and management strategies were discussed by the keywords, the distribution of contributing authors and the citation of the references, as well as the main contents of the report. The keywords distribution of the report showed that the focus of the soil research included the change of soil quality, processes, functions and services induced by the natural driving forces, human’s activity and soil degradation, as well as the hotspots covered soil carbon/nitrogen-water-biological pool and distribution related with the biogeochemistry, global climate change and ecosystem functions and human health. The number and structure of the cited papers showed that the integration research based on the mega-data analysis were the prominent development trend of the soil science. The geographic distribution of all the contributing authors showed that dominant discourse of the global soil science were grasped by the developed countries including Europe and the United States, China had just limited effects on the global soil science. It is urgent to promote China’s soil science research and the services for global society.