基于生产要素视角的中国大都市空间扩展——以武汉市为例

Spatial Expansion of Chinese Metropolis from Perspective of Production Factor——A Case Study of Wuhan

中国城镇化进程滞后于工业化,而工业化始于计划经济条件下的单位体制,使得在经济全球化背景下,城市扩展也呈现出不同于西方发达国家的生产要素分布特征,即工业资本迅速向外扩展,而人口与服务业高度集中于中心城区。以中部中心城市武汉市为例,利用土地遥感影像、产业空间重组信息和街道级人口普查数据,分析了土地、资本、人口等要素在城市空间的运动轨迹与分布特征,并对城市扩张的机制进行了总结。当前这种生产要素的空间分布格局造成了产业发展的创新驱动不足、城市的社会融合度低、城市环境压力增大等问题。为此,研究认为要以增加新城区人口数量、推进人口融合和产业转型为导向,通过加快基本公共服务全覆盖和提档升级、推动土地的混合利用、深化创新引领的经济发展方式,来推动新城区的协调健康发展。

China＇ s urbanization lagged behind its industrial development that originated from unit system in planned economy. The intersection of this historical path with globalization forces China＇ s urban spatial expansion distinguishing from the Western counterpart since its industrial capital moves outwards while the majority of population and service sector remain in the core area. This paper uses land remote sensing images, industrial space restructuring information and street-level census data and analyzes the spatial dynamics of land, capital and population during the course of growth in Wuhan metropolis. The current spatial distribution of the production factors causes the problems such as insufficient innovation drive for the industrial development, a low-degree social integration in the city and an increasing pressure on the environment. This paper puts forward that with the guidance of increasing the population in the new town areas and promoting population integration and industrial transformation, by accelerating the full coverage and upgrading of basic public services, promoting the mixed utilization of land and deepening the innovation-led way of economic development, the new town areas can be developed coordinately and healthily.