高速公路对武陵山区旅游城市吸引力影响及差异

Influence and Differences of Highway on Tourism Cities' Attraction in Wuling Mountain Area

借助物理学"表面张力"基本原理,建立高速公路对城市吸引力影响模型。根据武陵山区6个地区高速公路和旅游发展现状,以及吸引力影响模型,选择城市的可达性、旅游人次变化、综合实力三个方面的指标,利用主成分分析和因子分析法等方法,综合分析2005—2015年高速公路对旅游城市吸引力的影响及差异。结果显示:1高速公路直接影响旅游城市吸引力,其影响程度由城市自身功能条件决定;张家界和怀化的加权平均旅行时间分别为2.38、2.45,但吸引力分别是0.1130、0.0510,前者是后者的2.22倍;张家界和渝东南地区的综合实力分别为15.61、15.79,而吸引力分别为0.1130、0.0468,前者是后者的2.41倍。2高速公路对武陵山区旅游城市吸引力的影响差异显著,可为旅游高速公路布局、收费站点设立、客运接驳站设计等提供重要参考依据。因此,应结合区域实际建设和优化高速公路,使其发挥最大经济效应,提升城市综合吸引力。

Tourism city is the gathering and distributing center of the tourist place.Based on the basic principle of ＂surface tension＂ in physics, the paper built the influence model of highway on cities＇ attraction. Combining with the development situation of the highway traffic and the tourism industry in Wuling Mountain Area, from the indexes of three aspects including the city＇ s accessibility, tourism number change and comprehensive strength, the paper studied the influence and differences of highway on cities＇ attraction from 2005 to 2015. The results showed： （1） The highway affected the tourism cities＇ attraction directly, and the influence degree was determined by the conditions of the city function;the weighted average travel time in Zhangjiajie and Huaihua were 2.38 and 2.45 respectively, but their attraction were 0.1130 and 0.0510 respectively, and the former was 2.22 times of the latter; the comprehensive strength of Zhangjiajie and the Southeast Chongqing were 15.61 and 15.79 respectively, but their attraction were 0.1130 and 0.0468 respectively, and the former was 2.41 times of the latter. （2） The highway influences on cities＇ attraction had obvious differences in Wuling Mountain Area, which was an important reference to the tourism highway layout, toll station establishment, passenger station design and so on. Hence, it needed to construct and optimize the highway combining with the actual situations, so as to play the highway＇ s maximum economic effect, and enhance the city＇s comprehensive attraction.