中国先秦经典死亡伦理思想及其当代启发

Chinese Pre-Qin's Classical Death Ethics and Its Contemporary Inspiration

中国先秦传统经典死亡伦理文化主要包含儒、道、兵、墨等的死亡伦理思想。它们同中有异、异中有同,蕴含着丰富的死亡伦理思想智慧。儒家强调死亡的社会属性,提倡"杀身成仁""舍身取义"。道家则注重人自身的存在价值,反对追名逐利,主张通过养生以"尽年","守道"以"久生","合道"以"永生"。兵家认为"道"可以使"上下同欲",生死与共。墨家以"兼爱"众生为基本出发点,提倡"节葬""非攻"。他们虽各有主张,但也有共识,比如尊"道"、爱民等。这些死亡伦理思想智慧对于当代中国,无论是个人还是民族都有重要启发。

Chinese pre-Qin＇ s traditional classical death ethics culture mainly consists of death ethics of Confucianism, Taoism, Mili- tary Arts and Mohism. Those important thoughts are enriched with diverse wisdoms of death ethics, and show differences though in similarity. Confucians emphasizes the social attribute of death and advocate self-sacrifice for humane authority and responsibility. Taoists focus on one＇s own existence value and opposes seeking fame and money. Taoists advocate having a maximum natural life seeking by keeping in good health, having ＂a long life＂ by ＂keeping Tao＂ and consider that ＂to be in unity with Dao＂ is the only means of having an ＂eternal life＂. Military Arts consider that ＂Tao＂ can pull people together with one heart and soul to share life and death. Mohists base on the concept of＂ Universal love＂ to advocate funeral-controlling and no attacking. They have different views, but there also share some agreements, such as respect and comply with ＂Tao＂ and love people.