发现家庭:对上海一项“建筑工人‘亲子关系’培训项目”社会工作干预的实践和反思

Discovering ‘Family’: the Practice and Reflection of a Social Work Training Program on the Parent-Child Relationship of the Construction Workers in Shanghai

改革开放以来,我国工业化和城市化进入加速期,并由此带来大规模的人口流动,中国的传统家庭结构和家庭关系受到前所未有的冲击。在城乡二元结构下,流动中的农民工家庭呈现出不完整离散化的拆分型家庭模式,这对他们的家庭带来了很多现实的困境。本文在回顾了城市流动对农民工家庭关系的影响、流动人口中的家庭亲子关系、流动人口社会工作干预现状这三方面的文献基础上,通过一项建筑工人"亲子关系"培训项目的社会工作干预的实践,试图从"亲子关系"的角度去发现"流动人口"的"家庭"。该项目强调了通过建筑工人的参与式学习和分享,梳理他们各自的家庭生活和关系的现状,学习增进家庭成员交流和沟通的能力,促进和谐家庭建设。要改变流动人口家庭的现实困境,尤其是"只生不养"的儿童抚养难题,需要从以下两方面进行改善:第一从政策层面上,需要国家给予流动人口"困境家庭"以制度化的社会支持和相应社会福利的保障;第二从实践层面上,我们要将流动人口家庭服务的实践主体从"个体"向"家庭"转变,从家庭生态系统去回应留守儿童和流动儿童成长的各阶段的问题和需求,凸显出父母的角色。

The large-scale population migration with the industrialization and urbanization in China has transformed the Chinese traditional family structure and relationship. Under the dual rural-urban structure, the migrant peasant families in the incomplete and discrete splitted-family mode take their own families into real social difficulties. After reviewing the literature on the social effects of the urban migration on peasant families,‘parent-child relationship'of migrant population and the social work practice on migrant people, this paper tries to discover‘family'of migrant population from the perspective of‘parentchild relationship'by a case study of social work intervention program of construction workers. The program focuses on the workers' participant learning and sharing. It would like to help them understand the situation and relationship of their own families, learn to enhance communication and interactions with family members and promote building harmonious families.At last, the paper points out two proposals to resolve the social difficulties of migrant families and the embarrassment of‘giving birth with parenting'. One is from the policy perspective which underlines the states should provide institutional social support and social welfare to the families in distress. The other emphasizes the social serve subject of migrant population families should be changed from individuals to families. We shall highlight the role of parents in family ecological system to response the problems and needs of the different growth stages of the left-behind children and migrant children.